{"id":10238,"date":"2021-12-03T09:00:42","date_gmt":"2021-12-03T08:00:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/eoc.cat\/asepsia-antisepsia\/"},"modified":"2022-02-17T10:36:04","modified_gmt":"2022-02-17T09:36:04","slug":"asepsia-antisepsia","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/eoc.cat\/ca\/asepsia-antisepsia\/","title":{"rendered":"L’as\u00e8psia i la antis\u00e8psia. En qu\u00e8 es diferencien?"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00c9s relativament freq\u00fcent que es confonguin l’as\u00e8psia i la antis\u00e8psia<\/strong>. Aix\u00f2 es deu a la semblan\u00e7a de les paraules. Per\u00f2 tamb\u00e9 al fet que ambdues estan relacionades amb l’eliminaci\u00f3 de microorganismes. En qualsevol cas, si est\u00e0s pensant a formar-te com a sanitari<\/a>, has de con\u00e8ixer el que s\u00f3n i en qu\u00e8 es diferencien.<\/p>\n

As\u00e8psia i antis\u00e8psia: conceptes i difer\u00e8ncies<\/h2>\n

Entenem per as\u00e8psia el procediment que busca eliminar microorganismes presents en superf\u00edcies i objectes inanimats.<\/strong> Entre aquests, podr\u00edem esmentar-te, per exemple, l’espai d’un quir\u00f2fan o l’instrumental quir\u00fargic.<\/p>\n

Per part seva, denominem antis\u00e8psia al m\u00e8tode amb el qual s’eliminen microorganismes presents en \u00e9ssers vius. Generalment, aquestes criatures habiten en zones del nostre cos com les mucoses o la pell. Un bon exemple de antis\u00e8psia seria quan laves una ferida per a evitar que s’infecti.<\/p>\n

Per tant, les caracter\u00edstiques de l’as\u00e8psia i la antis\u00e8psia<\/strong> s\u00f3n semblants. La principal difer\u00e8ncia entre ambdues resideix en el lloc on es troben els microorganismes a eliminar. En la primera estan en les superf\u00edcies i objectes, mentre que en la segona es troben en els \u00e9ssers vius. Per\u00f2, a m\u00e9s, s’apliquen diferents t\u00e8cniques d’as\u00e8psia i antis\u00e8psia<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

L’as\u00e8psia i la antis\u00e8psia, principals t\u00e8cniques<\/h2>\n

L’as\u00e8psia<\/h3>\n

Si necessites realitzar una as\u00e8psia completa, has de comen\u00e7ar per la neteja de les superf\u00edcies i objectes. Per a fer-ho, la base \u00e9s l’aigua i el sab\u00f3<\/strong>. Per\u00f2, a vegades, aix\u00f2 no basta. Per exemple, per a desinfectar b\u00e9 les superf\u00edcies d’un quir\u00f2fan. En tal cas, a m\u00e9s de la neteja, has de valer-te de la desinfecci\u00f3 amb productes qu\u00edmics creats a aquest efecte.<\/p>\n

Respecte a l’instrumental quir\u00fargic, com a as\u00e8psia, sol utilitzar-se l’esterilitzaci\u00f3, que elimina tot tipus de microorganismes. Podr\u00edem definir-la com el proc\u00e9s que allibera d’ells a un objecte. Igualment, per a realitzar-la, s’usen diferents t\u00e8cniques.<\/p>\n

Pots esterilitzar per m\u00e8todes f\u00edsics. \u00c9s a dir, que no usen subst\u00e0ncies qu\u00edmiques contra els microorganismes. Bons exemples d’ells s\u00f3n la radiaci\u00f3 (ionitzant o no), el vapor, l’ebullici\u00f3 i l’aplicaci\u00f3 de calor humida o seca.<\/p>\n

Per\u00f2 tamb\u00e9 pots esterilitzar per m\u00e8todes qu\u00edmics. Aix\u00f2 \u00e9s, utilitzant subst\u00e0ncies que resulten letals per als microorganismes. Entre elles, podem citar-te el per\u00f2xid d’hidrogen i l’\u00f2xid d’etil\u00e8. No obstant aix\u00f2, tamb\u00e9 s’usen alcohols com el isoprop\u00edlic, aldehids com el formol o fenols com l’\u00e0cid carb\u00f2lic.<\/p>\n

Finalment, un altre sistema d’as\u00e8psia \u00e9s l’\u00fas de vestits especials com els EPI (sigles d’equips de protecci\u00f3 individual). Mitjan\u00e7ant aquests, es protegeixen els professionals sanitaris. Continuem aprofundint m\u00e9s en l’as\u00e8psia i la antis\u00e8psia<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

La antis\u00e8psia<\/h3>\n

La antis\u00e8psia s’utilitza per a combatre als microorganismes quan ja s\u00f3n presents en els \u00e9ssers vius. Per\u00f2 tamb\u00e9 per a prevenir la seva aparici\u00f3. Tant per a una com per a una altra funci\u00f3, pots usar diverses t\u00e8cniques.<\/p>\n

Respecte a aquestes, solen consistir en l’aplicaci\u00f3 de subst\u00e0ncies qu\u00edmiques derivades de l’alcohol. Per\u00f2 igualment s’usen altres productes antis\u00e8ptics, com la clorhexidina o el iode.<\/p>\n

Quant als primers, tamb\u00e9 anomenats “alcohols quir\u00fargics”, destaquen l’etanol, el isopropanol i el propanol. Per\u00f2 el m\u00e9s efectiu sol ser l’alcohol et\u00edlic al 70%. El isoprop\u00edlic \u00e9s encara m\u00e9s potent, per\u00f2 t\u00e9 uns certs efectes secundaris.<\/p>\n

Tamb\u00e9 el iode<\/strong> s’aplica en una soluci\u00f3 alcoh\u00f2lica que denominem tintura de iode i que t\u00e9, aproximadament, un 10% d’aquest \u00faltim. El seu nom comercial m\u00e9s conegut \u00e9s Betadine<\/a>. \u00c9s molt habitual usar-ho com a pas previ per a cobrir la pell en la preparaci\u00f3 quir\u00fargica.<\/p>\n

Respecte a la clorhexidina, destrueix la membrana de la c\u00e8l\u00b7lula microbiana. \u00c9s molt usada en odontologia com a col\u00b7lutori bucal. Per\u00f2, en forma de crema, tamb\u00e9 s’usa per a desinfectar cremades i ferides.<\/p>\n

Finalment, una t\u00e8cnica antis\u00e8ptica molt comuna \u00e9s la rentada de mans amb gels hidroalcoh\u00f2lics<\/strong>. No obstant aix\u00f2, has d’usar-los de bona qualitat perqu\u00e8, en cas contrari, poden irritar-te la pell.<\/p>\n

\"instrumental<\/p>\n

La antis\u00e8psia en cirurgia<\/h2>\n

Ja t’hem explicat les peculiaritats de l’as\u00e8psia i la antis\u00e8psia<\/strong>. No obstant aix\u00f2, hi ha alguna cosa m\u00e9s que has de saber. Es tracta que la pell no pot esterilitzar-se, a difer\u00e8ncia del que es fa amb els objectes inanimats. Per aix\u00f2, abans de realitzar una intervenci\u00f3 quir\u00fargica, nom\u00e9s es pot rec\u00f3rrer a les t\u00e8cniques de antis\u00e8psia que t’hem citat.<\/p>\n

Els biocides<\/h2>\n

Reben aquest nom tots els productes destinats a neutralitzar l’acci\u00f3 dels microorganismes. Per tant, tots els que t’hem esmentat en parlar de les t\u00e8cniques d’as\u00e8psia i antis\u00e8psia s’engloben sota aquest nom gen\u00e8ric. Serien els desinfectants i els antis\u00e8ptics, per\u00f2 tamb\u00e9 els conservants. \u00c9s un terme amb el qual has d’estar familiaritzat si penses treballar com a sanitari.<\/p>\n

En conclusi\u00f3, l’as\u00e8psia i la antis\u00e8psia<\/strong> s\u00f3n dos conceptes que poden confondre’s. De fet, tots dos fan refer\u00e8ncia a l’eliminaci\u00f3 de microorganismes. Per\u00f2 la primera s’aplica en superf\u00edcies i objectes, mentre que la segona es fa als \u00e9ssers vius. Per aix\u00f2, les t\u00e8cniques usades en ambdues s\u00f3n diferents.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00c9s relativament freq\u00fcent que es confonguin l’as\u00e8psia i la antis\u00e8psia. Aix\u00f2 es deu a la semblan\u00e7a de les paraules. Per\u00f2 tamb\u00e9 al fet que ambdues estan relacionades amb l’eliminaci\u00f3 de microorganismes. En qualsevol cas, si est\u00e0s pensant a formar-te com a sanitari, has de con\u00e8ixer el que s\u00f3n i en qu\u00e8 es diferencien. As\u00e8psia i […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":9675,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[88],"tags":[117,89,92,122,102],"class_list":["post-10238","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-auxiliar-infermeria","tag-anestesia","tag-auxiliar-infermeria","tag-auxiliar-quirofan","tag-dea","tag-emergencies-sanitaries"],"yoast_head":"\nL'as\u00e8psia i la antis\u00e8psia. 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