{"id":10252,"date":"2021-11-02T09:00:40","date_gmt":"2021-11-02T08:00:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/eoc.cat\/infecciones-nosocomiales\/"},"modified":"2022-02-17T10:36:16","modified_gmt":"2022-02-17T09:36:16","slug":"infeccions-nosocomials","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/eoc.cat\/ca\/infeccions-nosocomials\/","title":{"rendered":"Les infeccions nosocomials i les seves causes"},"content":{"rendered":"

Les patologies, en general, s\u00f3n susceptibles de ser classificades segons diferents criteris. Les infeccions nosocomials<\/strong>, per part seva, engloben a un conjunt de malalties infeccioses<\/strong> el punt de les quals en com\u00fa \u00e9s el lloc d’adquisici\u00f3. At\u00e8s que es tracta d’una mena d’infecci\u00f3 m\u00e9s comuna del que pot arribar a semblar, requereix un estudi detallat.<\/p>\n

Per aquest mateix motiu, al llarg del present article posarem l’accent en el seu concepte. De la mateixa manera, atendrem els s\u00edmptomes que les caracteritzen i, per descomptat, les seves causes principals.<\/p>\n

Qu\u00e8 s\u00f3n les infeccions nosocomials?<\/h2>\n

Com \u00e9s obvi, cal partir referint a una definici\u00f3 clara i directa de la q\u00fcesti\u00f3. Aix\u00ed, les infeccions nosocomials<\/strong> s\u00f3n patologies adquirides al llarg de l’estada en un hospital. De fet, paraula “nosocomial” prov\u00e9 del llat\u00ed nosocomium<\/a><\/em> (“hospital”).<\/p>\n

Aix\u00ed, es tracta de malalties que no es trobaven presents en l’instant en el qual el pacient va entrar al recinte. Ni tan sols en per\u00edode d’incubaci\u00f3. En tot cas, el criteri per a determinar si una infecci\u00f3 \u00e9s d’aquesta classe o no \u00e9s de tipus temporal. Com a norma general, les infeccions que es manifesten m\u00e9s de 48 hores despr\u00e9s<\/strong> de l’ingr\u00e9s es consideren nosocomials.<\/p>\n

Ara b\u00e9, cal tenir en compte un punt fonamental. El que s’ha dit fins ara respon a la definici\u00f3 cl\u00e0ssica. En l’actualitat, el concepte de relaci\u00f3 amb l’assist\u00e8ncia sanit\u00e0ria traspassa clarament els l\u00edmits hospitalaris. Gr\u00e0cies a les noves tecnologies, han sorgit nous entorns sanitaris.<\/p>\n

Els centres de dia, les resid\u00e8ncies, els tractaments ambulatoris, els serveis en el domicili, els centres sociosanitaris, etc. Tots aquests punts poden considerar-se dins de l’\u00f2rbita de les causes de les patologies nosocomials.<\/p>\n

En definitiva, pot resumir-se dient que s\u00f3n malalties adquirides durant relacions amb entorns sanitaris<\/strong>, generalment hospitals.<\/p>\n

Quines s\u00f3n les seves causes?<\/h2>\n

No obstant aix\u00f2, aquesta no deixa de ser una definici\u00f3 excessivament \u00e0mplia. En realitat, poden fer-se algunes concrecions que ajuden a entendre la q\u00fcesti\u00f3 en major mesura.<\/p>\n

Els pacients que acudeixen a un centre sanitari solen tenir en com\u00fa una certa immunosupressi\u00f3, b\u00e9 sigui per patologies pr\u00e8vies o per tractaments invasius (canalitzacions, sondatges, etc.). A m\u00e9s s\u00f3n centres massificats i hi ha pacients portadors de malalties infeccioses que contribueixen a una major dispersi\u00f3 del microorganisme.<\/p>\n

\"infeccions<\/p>\n

Com evitar la transmissi\u00f3 de les infeccions nosocomials<\/h2>\n

Pel fet que les infeccions nosocomials tenen especial gravetat (afecten persones vulnerables) i comporten un sobrecost (augmenta el temps d’hospitalitzaci\u00f3, la qual cosa implica m\u00e9s despesa sanit\u00e0ria i consum de recursos) han de ser evitades amb especial afany. Per aquest motiu, \u00e9s oport\u00fa seguir, almenys, les seg\u00fcents tres estrat\u00e8gies.<\/p>\n

Distanciament del pacient dels potencials focus de contagi de malalties<\/h3>\n

Aquest criteri ha estat ja implantat en la major part dels centres sanitaris. Dividir als pacients per plantes, evitant que tinguin contacte, \u00e9s essencial. Els pacients oncol\u00f2gics, per exemple, no han de trobar-se prop dels infecciosos. Aix\u00f2 mateix pot aplicar-se a moltes altres combinacions.<\/p>\n

A m\u00e9s, davant una sospita d’infecci\u00f3 sempre s’a\u00eflla de manera preventiva fins al descarti o confirmaci\u00f3.<\/p>\n

Recopilaci\u00f3 de dades i an\u00e0lisi detallada dels mateixos<\/h3>\n

En tot centre sanitari ha d’existir un servei de medicina preventiva que s’encarregui de la vigil\u00e0ncia epidemiol\u00f2gica i la gesti\u00f3 de casos.<\/p>\n

Professionalitzaci\u00f3 del personal sanitari competent de la cura de malalts<\/h3>\n

Un personal altament qualificat i especialitzat \u00e9s una garantia excepcional que li permetr\u00e0 a l’hospital prevenir aquest tipus d’infeccions. \u00c9s per aix\u00f2 que, qualsevol auxiliar d’infermeria<\/a>, ha de tenir coneixements en relaci\u00f3 a la higiene en l’entorn hospitalari i la neteja del material.<\/p>\n

En conclusi\u00f3, fins a aquest punt ja has pogut con\u00e8ixer en profunditat qu\u00e8 s\u00f3n les infeccions nosocomials<\/strong>. De la mateixa manera, ens hem detingut tant en les causes concretes com en les estrat\u00e8gies per a erradicar-les. En tot cas, es tracta d’un tema m\u00e9s complex del que a primera vista pogu\u00e9s semblar, que requereix de recerca.<\/p>\n

Sigui com sigui, indica l’extraordin\u00e0ria necessitat de mantenir entorns hospitalaris segurs. En aquests establiments s’agrupen persones especialment vulnerables. Per aix\u00f2 s\u00f3n tan relativament comuns les infeccions d’aquest tipus. Tamb\u00e9 per aquesta mateixa ra\u00f3 s\u00f3n, en moltes ocasions, patologies fulminants, que posen fi a la vida del pacient. Evitar-ho requereix primer con\u00e8ixer-ho, i per aix\u00f2 la import\u00e0ncia d’aquest article.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Les patologies, en general, s\u00f3n susceptibles de ser classificades segons diferents criteris. Les infeccions nosocomials, per part seva, engloben a un conjunt de malalties infeccioses el punt de les quals en com\u00fa \u00e9s el lloc d’adquisici\u00f3. At\u00e8s que es tracta d’una mena d’infecci\u00f3 m\u00e9s comuna del que pot arribar a semblar, requereix un estudi detallat. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":9484,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[88,91],"tags":[117,89,92,122,102],"class_list":["post-10252","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-auxiliar-infermeria","category-auxiliar-quirofan","tag-anestesia","tag-auxiliar-infermeria","tag-auxiliar-quirofan","tag-dea","tag-emergencies-sanitaries"],"yoast_head":"\nLes infeccions nosocomials i les seves causes | EOC<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Les infeccions nosocomials s\u00f3n patologies adquirides al llarg de l'estada en un hospital. 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