{"id":10294,"date":"2021-07-26T09:00:43","date_gmt":"2021-07-26T07:00:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/eoc.cat\/atencion-psicologica-emergencias-sanitarias\/"},"modified":"2022-02-17T10:43:59","modified_gmt":"2022-02-17T09:43:59","slug":"atencio-psicologica-emergencies-sanitaries","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/eoc.cat\/ca\/atencio-psicologica-emergencies-sanitaries\/","title":{"rendered":"Principis de l’atenci\u00f3 psicol\u00f2gica en emerg\u00e8ncies sanit\u00e0ries"},"content":{"rendered":"

Sovint veiem en televisi\u00f3 casos extrems en els quals ocorren emerg\u00e8ncies sanit\u00e0ries. En situacions extremes, \u00e9s necessari aplicar principis de l’atenci\u00f3 psicol\u00f2gica<\/strong> amb els pacients i les v\u00edctimes. Pot tractar-se d’accidents, guerres, cat\u00e0strofes naturals, etc. Desgraciadament l’\u00e9sser hum\u00e0 encara no ha bandejat les guerres com a m\u00e8tode de diplom\u00e0cia i les cat\u00e0strofes naturals continuen estant a l’ordre del dia, sovint a conseq\u00fc\u00e8ncia del canvi clim\u00e0tic.<\/p>\n

En aquests casos solem veure a v\u00edctimes indefenses, que en alguns casos ho han perdut tot. \u00c9s important plantejar-se qu\u00e8 sent una persona que nom\u00e9s ha pogut salvar la seva vida. \u00c9s l\u00f2gic que els professionals es preguntin com tractar-la<\/strong> o com enfocar el seu dolor. Alguns treballadors de la sanitat poden arribar a entrar en contacte amb aquests pacients i, per tant, han d’estar formades sobre aquest tema.<\/p>\n

En aquest post veurem algunes de les claus que ofereix la psicologia tradicional per a superar aquest tipus de desgr\u00e0cies que solen veure’s acompanyades d’emerg\u00e8ncies sanit\u00e0ries.<\/p>\n

Qu\u00e8 \u00e9s la psicologia en emerg\u00e8ncies?<\/h2>\n

Es tracta d’una branca d’aquesta ci\u00e8ncia que estudia els comportaments i reaccions de les persones o grups<\/strong> en casos d’emerg\u00e8ncia sanit\u00e0ria. La idea \u00e9s atendre aquestes persones, que poden sofrir danys a nivell personal abans, durant i despr\u00e9s dels fets traum\u00e0tics. L’ideal \u00e9s que siguin atesos per professionals especialitzats en aquesta mena de situacions extremes.<\/p>\n

Tant els professionals qualificats com la resta de empleats sanitaris i voluntaris<\/strong> han de tenir una m\u00ednima formaci\u00f3 que els permeti atendre correctament les v\u00edctimes. L’\u00f2ptica actual cerca oferir ajuda, sense danyar l’autoestima de la persona i cuidant sempre dels aspectes m\u00e9s delicats de la seva salut mental<\/strong>. Sabem que algunes de les sensacions experimentades durant aquest tr\u00e0ngol poden acompanyar al pacient tota la seva vida.<\/p>\n

Els psic\u00f2legs especialitzats en aquesta mat\u00e8ria han de saber transmetre a la resta de l’equip les claus de l’atenci\u00f3 a nivell psicol\u00f2gic. Es tracta d’una combinaci\u00f3 de psicologia m\u00e8dica<\/strong>, educativa, de la salut i psicofisiologia que ha de donar resultats, o almenys evitar efectes adversos. En tractar-se d’emerg\u00e8ncies que abasten a comunitats senceres, \u00e9s important incorporar la psicologia organitzacional i social<\/strong>. Aquestes doctrines han servit per a formar el cos te\u00f2ric amb el qual professionals de les emerg\u00e8ncies es formen cada dia. Algunes circumst\u00e0ncies desagradables que hem viscut com a societat ens han fet adonar-nos de la necessitat d’incorporar aquest enfocament en les intervencions.<\/p>\n

Aspectes principals que es tracten en emerg\u00e8ncies sanit\u00e0ries i paper de l’especialitzat en psicologia<\/h2>\n

Com hem esmentat anteriorment, aquest tipus d’intervencions es caracteritzen per una visi\u00f3 multidisciplin\u00e0ria<\/strong>. Aquesta inclou elements de diferents branques de la psicologia<\/strong>, per a oferir un enfocament pr\u00e0ctic, per\u00f2 tamb\u00e9 orientat a les mellades psicol\u00f2giques.<\/p>\n

L’acci\u00f3 principal dels especialistes en atenci\u00f3 psicol\u00f2gica se sol centrar en diversos \u00e0mbits. Parlem de primers auxilis psicol\u00f2gics<\/strong>, casos de defuncions d’afins i desmobilitzaci\u00f3 de pacients que necessiten intervencions complexes. La gesti\u00f3 d’evacuats i atenci\u00f3 social a comunitats<\/strong> s\u00f3n trets t\u00edpics de l’atenci\u00f3 a grups de v\u00edctimes. Aquests professionals tamb\u00e9 han de col\u00b7laborar en la elaboraci\u00f3 dels plans de superaci\u00f3 mental<\/strong> del fet, ja que constitueixen l’atenci\u00f3 prim\u00e0ria dels damnificats. En tot moment han d’aplicar els principis de l’atenci\u00f3 psicol\u00f2gica<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

En aquests casos, l\u2019especialista ha d’estar preparat a nivell psicol\u00f2gic i emocional<\/strong>, ja que s’enfrontar\u00e0 a conting\u00e8ncies de tota mena. \u00c9s una especialitat que requereix gran vocaci\u00f3, per la qual cosa els propis psic\u00f2legs d’emerg\u00e8ncia adverteixen que no qualsevol pot ajudar en aquestes condicions. No obstant aix\u00f2, amb la preparaci\u00f3 adequada, professionals d’emerg\u00e8ncies sanit\u00e0ries<\/strong> podran atendre millor nivell psicol\u00f2gic.<\/p>\n

\"atenci\u00f3<\/p>\n

L’actitud del professional en emerg\u00e8ncies sanit\u00e0ries<\/h2>\n

La pressi\u00f3 i la vulnerabilitat del professional sanitari<\/strong> \u00e9s pal\u00e8s en aquests casos, per la qual cosa es requereixen persones fortes de car\u00e0cter i amb abnegaci\u00f3 respecte a aquest servei. El professional d’aquesta branca ha de posseir aptituds socials i t\u00e8cniques de comunicaci\u00f3<\/strong> que li permetin empatitzar i comprendre al pacient.\u200b Aix\u00f2 li ser\u00e0 \u00fatil a nivell individual, per\u00f2 tamb\u00e9 s\u00f3n necessaris coneixements sobre comportaments col\u00b7lectius. Aix\u00f2 \u00e9s pel fet que aquestes emerg\u00e8ncies sovint involucren a grups sencers. El seu coneixement de atenci\u00f3 en emerg\u00e8ncies ser\u00e0 indispensable i condici\u00f3 \u201csine qua non\u201d<\/em> per a participar en aquestes labors.<\/p>\n

La persona que fa el paper del psic\u00f2leg ha de comprendre la situaci\u00f3 personal del pacient i donar-li la sensaci\u00f3 de protecci\u00f3 i confian\u00e7a. Tamb\u00e9 ha d’estar preparat per a rebre reaccions adverses i fins i tot agressivitat. Aquestes actituds entren dins de les freq\u00fcents en aquests casos. La principal qualitat d’un professional amb capacitat d’atendre psicol\u00f2gicament \u00e9s la seva tempran\u00e7a. El pacient o els pacients han de veure-li com una figura atenta i emp\u00e0tica, per\u00f2 tamb\u00e9 amb capacitat d’abstracci\u00f3 per a resoldre problemes.<\/p>\n

L’actuaci\u00f3 dels professionals sanitaris<\/a> estar\u00e0 sempre acompanyada d’una pragm\u00e0tica aplicaci\u00f3 de els principis de l’atenci\u00f3 psicol\u00f2gica. Com ja sabem, la salut de les persones tamb\u00e9 t\u00e9 un vessant mental.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Sovint veiem en televisi\u00f3 casos extrems en els quals ocorren emerg\u00e8ncies sanit\u00e0ries. En situacions extremes, \u00e9s necessari aplicar principis de l’atenci\u00f3 psicol\u00f2gica amb els pacients i les v\u00edctimes. Pot tractar-se d’accidents, guerres, cat\u00e0strofes naturals, etc. Desgraciadament l’\u00e9sser hum\u00e0 encara no ha bandejat les guerres com a m\u00e8tode de diplom\u00e0cia i les cat\u00e0strofes naturals continuen estant […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":9214,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"off","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[101],"tags":[89,92,102],"class_list":["post-10294","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tecnic-emergencies-sanitaries","tag-auxiliar-infermeria","tag-auxiliar-quirofan","tag-emergencies-sanitaries"],"yoast_head":"\nPrincipis de l'atenci\u00f3 psicol\u00f2gica en emerg\u00e8ncies sanit\u00e0ries | EOC<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Els principis de l'atenci\u00f3 psicol\u00f2gica ofereixen les claus per a ajudar a superar 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