{"id":10491,"date":"2019-09-26T09:35:53","date_gmt":"2019-09-26T07:35:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/eoc.cat\/que-es-la-borreliosis-canina-o-enfermedad-de-lyme\/"},"modified":"2022-02-17T10:52:27","modified_gmt":"2022-02-17T09:52:27","slug":"borreliosi-canina-malaltia-lyme","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/eoc.cat\/ca\/borreliosi-canina-malaltia-lyme\/","title":{"rendered":"Qu\u00e8 \u00e9s la borreliosi canina o malaltia de Lyme?"},"content":{"rendered":"

La borreliosi canina, o malaltia de Lyme, \u00e9s produ\u00efda per un bacteri que es transmet a trav\u00e9s de les paparres del g\u00e8nere Ixodes. Si \u00e9s tractada preco\u00e7ment \u00e9s f\u00e0cil de combatre, per\u00f2, en cas contrari, es poden presentar complicacions per a la mascota.<\/p>\n

Qu\u00e8 \u00e9s la borreliosi canina?<\/h2>\n

La malaltia va ser descrita per primera vegada el 1976 al poble de Lyme, a l’estat de Connecticut<\/a> (Estats Units). Posteriorment, el 1985 va ser identificada tamb\u00e9 als gossos. No seria fins al 1992 quan es va diagnosticar a Espanya per primera vegada.<\/p>\n

Distribuci\u00f3 mundial<\/h2>\n

Els diferents g\u00e8neres de paparra Ixodes es distribueixen a diverses parts del m\u00f3n. Als Estats Units es presenta a les costes est i oest. Tamb\u00e9 s’observa a les zones temperades d’\u00c0sia i al Jap\u00f3. A Europa, la paparra transmissora \u00e9s la Ixodex ricinus<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Com hem vist, aquesta paparra \u00e9s la responsable de transmetre aquesta zoonosi als animals silvestres, humans i gossos. El reservori natural del bacteri s\u00f3n els rosegadors i els c\u00e9rvols silvestres.<\/p>\n

Com es contagia la borreliosi canina?<\/h2>\n

El bacteri Borrelia burgdorferi<\/em> causa aquesta malaltia i pertany al g\u00e8nere de les espiroquetes. Altres bacteris del mateix g\u00e8nere s\u00f3n la\u00a0Borrelia mayonii<\/em>, la\u00a0Borrelia garinii<\/em>\u00a0i la\u00a0Borrelia afzelii<\/em>. El contagi es produeix quan la paparra ha picat a ratolins o c\u00e9rvols als camps. Quan passa a un gos li transmet el bacteri, cosa que passa especialment en els mesos m\u00e9s c\u00e0lids.<\/p>\n

Si b\u00e9 la patog\u00e8nia de la borreliosi canina no est\u00e0 totalment compresa, els signes es deuen a dos factors. Un \u00e9s la persist\u00e8ncia del bacteri a l’organisme del gos. L’altra \u00e9s que es desencadenen mecanismes que compten amb la mediaci\u00f3 del sistema immune. Aix\u00f2 succeeix principalment en les formes cr\u00f2niques.<\/p>\n

Has de saber que els gossos presenten serologia positiva per a aquesta malaltia en un alt percentatge. Aix\u00f2 demostra que ha estat en contacte amb el bacteri per\u00f2 que no s’han posat malalts. En aquests casos, el sistema immune l’ha pogut eliminar, per\u00f2 altres vegades l’animal s’emmalalteix.<\/p>\n

\"enfermedad<\/p>\n

Com afecta el gos?<\/h2>\n

El bacteri comen\u00e7a a reproduir-se dos dies despr\u00e9s de picar la mascota. Es crea una lesi\u00f3 local arrodonida i envermellida amb el centre blanc. Des d’all\u00e0, el bacteri es dispersa cap als ganglis regionals i despr\u00e9s a la sang. En conseq\u00fc\u00e8ncia, la borreliosi en gossos evoluciona primer cap a una fase localitzada, despr\u00e9s a una fase disseminada primerenca i, finalment, a una disseminada tardana.<\/p>\n

S\u00edmptomes de la borreliosi canina<\/h2>\n

Els signes de la malaltia de Lyme es presenten progressivament dies o setmanes despr\u00e9s de la picada. En primer lloc, apareixen s\u00edmptomes generals: febre amb calfreds, inapet\u00e8ncia, cansament o manca d’energia i des\u00e0nim.<\/p>\n

Posteriorment apareixen inflamaci\u00f3 i deformaci\u00f3 de les articulacions. Aix\u00f2 pot generar coixesa i una marxa r\u00edgida amb el llom arquejat. La coixesa pot presentar-se en una pota i despr\u00e9s migrar-ne una altra i ser recurrent. Altres s\u00edmptomes poden ser dolor al tacte per inflamaci\u00f3 muscular generalitzada, dificultat per respirar i ganglis inflamats.<\/p>\n

Complicacions<\/h2>\n

A la fase cr\u00f2nica hi ha lesions a diversos \u00f2rgans i sistemes. Per aquest motiu es pot presentar carditis o inflamaci\u00f3 del m\u00fascul card\u00edac. Pots percebre aquesta malaltia ja que es presenta amb un ritme card\u00edac irregular.<\/p>\n

Tamb\u00e9 apareixen problemes renals com glomerulonefritis, fet que pot portar a insufici\u00e8ncia renal potencialment mortal. Aquesta es manifesta amb v\u00f2mits i diarrea, augment del volum d’orina i set. Tamb\u00e9 pot apar\u00e8ixer retenci\u00f3 de l\u00edquids a les potes i sota la pell. Com veus, la malaltia de Lyme pot ser mortal, sobretot si no es diagnostica a temps.<\/p>\n

Tractament de la malaltia de Lyme en gossos<\/h2>\n

Els professionals veterinaris<\/a> podran diagnosticar la borreliosi canina fent un examen f\u00edsic, aix\u00ed com an\u00e0lisi de sang i orina. L’ultras\u00f2 i la serologia tamb\u00e9 estan indicats. \u00c9s important que el propietari de la mascota descrigui pr\u00e8viament els s\u00edmptomes que hagi detectat.<\/p>\n

El tractament m\u00e9s immediat \u00e9s l’eliminaci\u00f3 de qualsevol paparra adherida a la pell. Per tant, has d’estirar-la amb suavitat i fermesa abans que el bacteri passi als teixits. Per aix\u00f2, \u00e9s convenient revisar l’animal i retirar-ne les que pugui tenir despr\u00e9s de passejar per arbustos i pastures.<\/p>\n

\u00c9s important que la paparra no romangui m\u00e9s d’un dia adherida a la pell. Tamb\u00e9 \u00e9s possible utilitzar un producte repel\u00b7lent per a aquests artr\u00f2podes. Pot ser en pols, en pipetes o col\u00b7locant-li un collaret.<\/p>\n

En cas que la malaltia es diagnostiqui en fases primerenques, el tractament d’elecci\u00f3 \u00e9s administrar antibi\u00f2tics. Els que es fan servir m\u00e9s freq\u00fcentment s\u00f3n doxiciclina, amoxicilina o cefalosporines. La durada del tractament \u00e9s dun mes. De vegades es poden presentar recaigudes que requereixin un segon cicle.<\/p>\n

Per a la inflamaci\u00f3 i el dolor s’utilitzen antiinflamatoris no estero\u00efdals com el naprox\u00e8. Els esteroides no es recomanen ja que hi ha risc que causin la disseminaci\u00f3 del bacteri.<\/p>\n

La borreliosi canina \u00e9s una malaltia potencialment greu que es pot evitar amb m\u00e8todes preventius.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

La borreliosi canina, o malaltia de Lyme, \u00e9s produ\u00efda per un bacteri que es transmet a trav\u00e9s de les paparres del g\u00e8nere Ixodes. Si \u00e9s tractada preco\u00e7ment \u00e9s f\u00e0cil de combatre, per\u00f2, en cas contrari, es poden presentar complicacions per a la mascota. Qu\u00e8 \u00e9s la borreliosi canina? La malaltia va ser descrita per primera […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":6523,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[103],"tags":[95,120],"class_list":["post-10491","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-auxiliar-tecnic-veterinaria","tag-educacio-canina","tag-rehabilitacio-veterinaria"],"yoast_head":"\nQu\u00e8 \u00e9s la borreliosi canina o malaltia de Lyme? | EOC<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"En aquest article t'expliquem els s\u00edmptomes i possibles tractaments per a la borreliosi canina, tamb\u00e9 anomenada malaltia de Lyme.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/eoc.cat\/ca\/borreliosi-canina-malaltia-lyme\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ca_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Qu\u00e8 \u00e9s la borreliosi canina o malaltia de Lyme? 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