{"id":10521,"date":"2019-08-30T10:36:21","date_gmt":"2019-08-30T08:36:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/eoc.cat\/composicion-quimica-dientes\/"},"modified":"2022-02-17T10:52:27","modified_gmt":"2022-02-17T09:52:27","slug":"composicio-quimica-dents","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/eoc.cat\/ca\/composicio-quimica-dents\/","title":{"rendered":"Composici\u00f3 qu\u00edmica de les dents humanes"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00c9s possible que m\u00e9s d’una vegada hagis sentit curiositat per con\u00e8ixer quina \u00e9s la composici\u00f3 qu\u00edmica de les dents. Segur que si estudieu una formaci\u00f3 d’odontologia com els nostres alumnes d’Auxiliar de Cl\u00ednica Dental<\/a>, aquest dubte us sorgir\u00e0 els primers dies de curs.<\/p>\n

I \u00e9s que malgrat que moltes persones s’ho pensen, les dents no s\u00f3n un os. S\u00ed que \u00e9s cert que la composici\u00f3 qu\u00edmica de dents i ossos \u00e9s for\u00e7a similar i d’aqu\u00ed ve la confusi\u00f3. Tant dents com ossos estan formats a partir d’un element com\u00fa: la hidroxiapatita<\/a>.<\/p>\n

A les seg\u00fcents l\u00ednies et mostrem els principals components org\u00e0nics i inorg\u00e0nics presents a les dents. No oblidem que la principal funci\u00f3 de les dents \u00e9s la masticat\u00f2ria, per la qual cosa la composici\u00f3 de les nostres dents han de facilitar-la.<\/p>\n

Composici\u00f3 qu\u00edmica de les dents: de qu\u00e8 estan fets?<\/h2>\n

A les dents, es poden distingir fonamentalment quatre zones, que de l’exterior a l’interior serien: esmalt, dentina, polpa i ciment. Cadascuna d’aquestes parts est\u00e0 formada per components similars, per\u00f2 no id\u00e8ntics i que a m\u00e9s varien en la proporci\u00f3. Per aix\u00f2, detallem cadascuna d’aquestes parts de la dent en refer\u00e8ncia als seus components, cosa que s’estudia detalladament en odontologia.<\/p>\n

Composici\u00f3 de les diferents parts de la dent<\/h2>\n

L’esmalt \u00e9s la part m\u00e9s externa de la dent i es troba \u00fanicament a la part exterior, ja que l’interior de la dent es recobreix de ciment en contacte amb la geniva. Quant a la composici\u00f3 d’aquesta capa, mereix la teva atenci\u00f3 composta en un 96% per hidroxiapatita, mentre que el 4% restant consta d’aigua i components org\u00e0nics. Es tracta d’una capa forta, ja que \u00e9s l’encarregada de mastegar i mossegar, per\u00f2 per aquesta mateixa ra\u00f3 \u00e9s freq\u00fcent que es pugui fracturar o estellar.<\/p>\n

La dentina, la capa seg\u00fcent sota l’esmalt, t\u00e9 una composici\u00f3 diferent. Aix\u00ed, el 70% d’aquesta capa est\u00e0 composta per la hidroxiapatita i el fosfat de calci. El 20% s\u00f3n compostos org\u00e0nics (sobretot proteics) i el 10% restant \u00e9s aigua. Per tant, \u00e9s una capa menys forta i m\u00e9s fr\u00e0gil, especialment vulnerable a l\u2019aparici\u00f3 de c\u00e0ries.<\/p>\n

\"qu\u00edmica<\/p>\n

Pel que fa al ciment, \u00e9s una capa constitu\u00efda en un 45% per hidroxiapatita. En aquest cas, la part org\u00e0nica formada per prote\u00efnes constitueix un 33% i l’aigua forma el 22% restant. Les prote\u00efnes que caracteritzen aquesta part de la dent s\u00f3n col\u00b7l\u00e0genes. Aquesta \u00e9s la composici\u00f3 id\u00f2nia per ancorar la dent a la mand\u00edbula i evitar que es mogui, per aix\u00f2 el nom de ciment que rep.<\/p>\n

Finalment, cal destacar que la polpa no cont\u00e9 hidroxiapatita ni altres elements minerals. Est\u00e0 composta pels vasos sanguinis i els nervis que irriguen les dents. En aquesta zona \u00e9s on es forma la dentina a partir de c\u00e8l\u00b7lules precursores com s\u00f3n els odontoblasts. Altres de les c\u00e8l\u00b7lules que estan molt presents en aquesta zona s\u00f3n algunes sangu\u00ednies, com els macr\u00f2fags i limf\u00f2cits T.<\/p>\n

Components org\u00e0nics<\/h2>\n

Els components org\u00e0nics de les dents s\u00f3n fonamentalment les prote\u00efnes. Una de les m\u00e9s freq\u00fcents \u00e9s el col\u00b7lagen. Aquest col\u00b7lagen es troba a diferents zones de l’organisme hum\u00e0, per\u00f2 la seva funci\u00f3 \u00e9s connectar els diferents teixits. Aquesta \u00e9s la ra\u00f3 per la qual tamb\u00e9 \u00e9s present a les dents i, en major quantitat, a les capes internes. La seva funci\u00f3 \u00e9s decisiva per al funcionament correcte de tota la boca.<\/p>\n

Altres de les mol\u00e8cules org\u00e0niques que tamb\u00e9 es poden trobar a les dents s\u00f3n el citrat i el lactat. En tots dos casos, la major part d’aquests components s\u00f3n presents a la capa m\u00e9s externa: l’esmalt. De fet, \u00e9s freq\u00fcent que les pastes de dents incloguin entre els seus components el citrat de potassi, atesa la composici\u00f3 de l’esmalt.<\/p>\n

Components inorg\u00e0nics<\/h2>\n

Els components inorg\u00e0nics, entre els quals cal destacar l’aigua, s\u00f3n diversos. El calci i el f\u00f2sfor s\u00f3n determinants, per\u00f2 estan sota la forma d’hidroxiapatita. Tamb\u00e9 trobem carbonat localitzat entre la superf\u00edcie d’uni\u00f3 de la dentina i l’esmalt, igual que el clorur. Tamb\u00e9 hi concorren altres elements com el magnesi, el fluor, el vanadi, l’estronci i el plom. Aquest \u00faltim sol estar m\u00e9s concentrat a les dents de llet.<\/p>\n

Quant a la hidroxiapatita, es tracta d’un mineral els vidres del qual tenen forma de prismes hexagonals. El que passa perqu\u00e8 el calci i el f\u00f2sfor s’integrin a l’estructura del mateix, \u00e9s que el grup hidroxil en surt. Un cop es perden els grups hidroxil, el calci i el f\u00f2sfor ocupen el seu lloc conformant el fosfat de calci cristal\u00b7l\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Com veus, la composici\u00f3 qu\u00edmica de les dents \u00e9s complexa i, encara que similar als ossos degut a la pres\u00e8ncia d’hidroxiapatita, no \u00e9s id\u00e8ntica a ells. El conjunt de mol\u00e8cules, org\u00e0niques i inorg\u00e0niques, que constitueixen les nostres dents varien al llarg de les diferents capes de les dents humanes (esmalt, dentina, ciment o polpa), per\u00f2 permeten que aquestes es mantinguin fortes i puguin dur a terme la funci\u00f3 de masticaci\u00f3.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00c9s possible que m\u00e9s d’una vegada hagis sentit curiositat per con\u00e8ixer quina \u00e9s la composici\u00f3 qu\u00edmica de les dents. Segur que si estudieu una formaci\u00f3 d’odontologia com els nostres alumnes d’Auxiliar de Cl\u00ednica Dental, aquest dubte us sorgir\u00e0 els primers dies de curs. I \u00e9s que malgrat que moltes persones s’ho pensen, les dents no […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":6496,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[96],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-10521","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-auxiliar-dental"],"yoast_head":"\nComposici\u00f3 qu\u00edmica de les dents humanes | EOC Barcelona<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Saps de qu\u00e8 estan fetes les dents de les persones? 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