{"id":10803,"date":"2018-11-20T09:21:34","date_gmt":"2018-11-20T08:21:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/eoc.cat\/desfibrilador-externo-automatico\/"},"modified":"2022-02-17T10:52:20","modified_gmt":"2022-02-17T09:52:20","slug":"desfibrillador-extern-automatic","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/eoc.cat\/ca\/desfibrillador-extern-automatic\/","title":{"rendered":"Qu\u00e8 \u00e9s el Desfibril\u00b7lador Extern Autom\u00e0tic o DEA?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Un DEA o Desfibril\u00b7lador Extern Autom\u00e0tic<\/strong> \u00e9s un dispositiu electr\u00f2nic ideat per restablir el pols d’una persona en cas de crisi card\u00edaca. Per aix\u00f2, el mateix aparell troba i analitza el ritme card\u00edac. A m\u00e9s, determina de forma autom\u00e0tica si cal o no aplicar una desc\u00e0rrega el\u00e8ctrica i la pot\u00e8ncia adequada.<\/p>\n

Pots trobar-te tamb\u00e9 amb la denominaci\u00f3 alternativa\u00a0DESA\u00a0per referir-se a un Desfibril\u00b7lador Extern Semiautom\u00e0tic. Actualment, la majoria dels desfibril\u00b7ladors s\u00f3n en realitat semiautom\u00e0tics. Aix\u00f2 vol dir que encara que sigui m\u00ednima requereixen la utilitzaci\u00f3 de l’aparell per part d’una persona.<\/p>\n

Qu\u00e8 signifiquen els batecs del nostre cor?<\/h2>\n

El cor est\u00e0 compartimentat en quatre cavitats: dues aur\u00edcules (a dalt) i dos ventricles (a baix). Aquest \u00f2rgan t\u00e9 la important missi\u00f3 de rebre i bombar la sang. Ho fa mitjan\u00e7ant dos moviments: relaxaci\u00f3 o di\u00e0stole (s’omple de sang) i contracci\u00f3 o s\u00edstole (expulsa aquesta sang).<\/p>\n

La part dreta del cor recull la sang amb di\u00f2xid de carboni que han utilitzat les c\u00e8l\u00b7lules dels \u00f2rgans i teixits per desenvolupar les seves funcions. Entra per l’aur\u00edcula, passa al ventricle i \u00e9s bombada cap als pulmons. S’hi produeix l’intercanvi de gasos: la sang es despr\u00e8n del di\u00f2xid de carboni i recull l’oxigen.<\/p>\n

La part esquerra rep per l’aur\u00edcula aquesta sang oxigenada que torna dels pulmons i passa al ventricle, des d’on \u00e9s distribu\u00efda a tot el cos. La part esquerra del cor fa m\u00e9s esfor\u00e7 en bombar la sang a m\u00e9s dist\u00e0ncia, ra\u00f3 per la qual t\u00e9 unes parets m\u00e9s gruixudes i \u00e9s m\u00e9s gran.<\/p>\n

Encara que part dreta i esquerra fan funcions diferents, en un cor sa es contrauen i es relaxen simult\u00e0niament. El detonant que inicia el cicle card\u00edac \u00e9s un impuls nervi\u00f3s, que no \u00e9s altra cosa que un impuls el\u00e8ctric, de manera que\u00a0el cor batega per despolaritzaci\u00f3 i repolaritzaci\u00f3\u00a0(en qu\u00e8 basen el seu funcionament els electrocardiogrames).<\/p>\n

Ara que ja coneixes puntualment les parts del cor i com funciona, t’explicarem una de les causes per les quals pot deixar de funcionar.<\/p>\n

Fibril\u00b7laci\u00f3 ventricular. Com fer servir el DEA?<\/h2>\n

La fibril\u00b7laci\u00f3 ventricular \u00e9s una activitat err\u00e0tica del cor degut a una activitat el\u00e8ctrica an\u00f2mala. El pols es torna ca\u00f2tic i irregular, cosa que pot provocar que desaparegui del tot (aturada card\u00edaca sobtada).<\/p>\n

En cas d\u2019una fibril\u00b7laci\u00f3 ventricular, la rapidesa en l\u2019actuaci\u00f3 \u00e9s vital. El primer pas despr\u00e9s de comprovar el pols de la v\u00edctima i veure que ni respon ni respira \u00e9s trucar al 112 perqu\u00e8 hi acudeixin els serveis d’urg\u00e8ncia.<\/p>\n

Si el cor no funciona correctament, els \u00f2rgans i teixits no reben oxigen, per la qual cosa es produeix la mort cel\u00b7lular. A m\u00e9s, si la sang amb di\u00f2xid de carboni (t\u00f2xic) no \u00e9s bombada, queda retinguda a les c\u00e8l\u00b7lules, produint-hi danys. S’estima que la probabilitat de dany cerebral augmenta un 10% cada minut que el cervell est\u00e0 privat d’oxigen.<\/p>\n

Simult\u00e0niament a la trucada al 112 i fins a l’arribada dels sanitaris, cal iniciar una reanimaci\u00f3 cardiopulmonar (RCP). Aquesta \u00e9s imprescindible perqu\u00e8 el cor pugui bombar aquesta sang retinguda i pugui arribar al cervell i a la resta d\u2019\u00f2rgans.<\/p>\n

Tot i aix\u00f2, la utilitzaci\u00f3 d’un desfibril\u00b7lador extern autom\u00e0tic \u00e9s m\u00e9s efica\u00e7. Si en tenim un, \u00e9s preferible a una RCP<\/a>. La desc\u00e0rrega que subministra el DEA provoca una mena de reseteig al cor, aconseguint que la seva activitat el\u00e8ctrica torni a la normalitat amb un batec fort i regular.<\/p>\n

\"desfribil\u00b7lador<\/p>\n

Utilitzaci\u00f3 del Desfibril\u00b7lador Extern Autom\u00e0tic<\/h2>\n

Un desfibril\u00b7lador extern autom\u00e0tic consta d’uns coixinets amb el\u00e8ctrodes que s’han de col\u00b7locar al t\u00f2rax nu de la v\u00edctima. \u00c9s important que no hi hagi p\u00e8l perqu\u00e8 els el\u00e8ctrodes s’adhereixin b\u00e9 a la pell (inclou al seu equipament una fulla per rasurar).<\/p>\n

El mateix aparell analitza l’activitat card\u00edaca de la v\u00edctima. En alguns casos, el pols \u00e9s tan feble que pot esdevenir imperceptible. El\u00a0DEA\u00a0avalua en uns segons si cal aplicar-li una desc\u00e0rrega (en cas de fibril\u00b7laci\u00f3) o si, per contra, hi ha pols. Mitjan\u00e7ant \u00e0udio va emetent els passos que ha de seguir en tot moment qui estigui encarregat del rescat.<\/p>\n

Si s’emetr\u00e0 una desc\u00e0rrega, \u00e9s molt important, allunyar-se de la v\u00edctima. En cas contrari, qualsevol persona en contacte amb ella tamb\u00e9 la rebria, podent patir una aturada card\u00edaca. Un cop emesa la desc\u00e0rrega, l’aparell torna a avaluar el pols de la v\u00edctima.<\/p>\n

Recordem que el seu \u00fas est\u00e0 indicat nom\u00e9s en casos de fibril\u00b7laci\u00f3, no de pols superficial si \u00e9s regular. Si no hi ha pols per\u00f2 s’aconsella RCP, el rescatista la dur\u00e0 a terme fins a l’arribada dels serveis d’emerg\u00e8ncia. En cas de continuar la v\u00edctima en situaci\u00f3 de fibril\u00b7laci\u00f3, es faran desc\u00e0rregues successives.<\/p>\n

Si hem aconseguit restablir el pols de la v\u00edctima, se us posar\u00e0 en posici\u00f3 lateral de seguretat i amb els el\u00e8ctrodes col\u00b7locats fins a l’arribada de l’ambul\u00e0ncia, ja que \u00e9s possible que torneu a entrar en crisi i es requereixin noves desc\u00e0rregues.<\/p>\n

Si vols iniciar-te o aprendre m\u00e9s sobre el Desfibril\u00b7lador Extern Autom\u00e0tic i els primers auxilis, informa’t per acreditar-te amb el certificat oficial de DEA i suport vital b\u00e0sic<\/a>. Amb la formaci\u00f3 necess\u00e0ria, salvar vides \u00e9s a les teves mans.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Un DEA o Desfibril\u00b7lador Extern Autom\u00e0tic \u00e9s un dispositiu electr\u00f2nic ideat per restablir el pols d’una persona en cas de crisi card\u00edaca. Per aix\u00f2, el mateix aparell troba i analitza el ritme card\u00edac. A m\u00e9s, determina de forma autom\u00e0tica si cal o no aplicar una desc\u00e0rrega el\u00e8ctrica i la pot\u00e8ncia adequada. Pots trobar-te tamb\u00e9 amb […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":10804,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[101],"tags":[102,119],"class_list":["post-10803","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tecnic-emergencies-sanitaries","tag-emergencies-sanitaries","tag-suport-vital-basic"],"yoast_head":"\nQu\u00e8 \u00e9s el Desfibril\u00b7lador Extern Autom\u00e0tic o DEA?<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"T'expliquem qu\u00e8 \u00e9s el DEA o el Desfibril\u00b7lador Extern Autom\u00e0tic i en quins casos s'ha d'utilitzar. 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