{"id":11215,"date":"2022-03-21T11:41:44","date_gmt":"2022-03-21T10:41:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/eoc.cat\/?p=11215"},"modified":"2022-03-21T11:42:38","modified_gmt":"2022-03-21T10:42:38","slug":"historia-ensinistrament-cani","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/eoc.cat\/ca\/historia-ensinistrament-cani\/","title":{"rendered":"La hist\u00f2ria de l’ensinistrament can\u00ed i dades d’inter\u00e8s"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Si tens un o diversos gossos, segurament ja sabr\u00e0s el dif\u00edcil que \u00e9s educar-los i ensenyar-los unes certes actituds positives. Per\u00f2, mai t’has preguntat quan comen\u00e7a la\u00a0hist\u00f2ria de l’ensinistrament can\u00ed<\/strong>? \u00c9s realment sorprenent. Si t’ha cridat la curiositat i vols satisfer-la, has donat amb l’article indicat. En ell descobrir\u00e0s quan va comen\u00e7ar en la hist\u00f2ria de la humanitat aquesta pr\u00e0ctica. Tamb\u00e9 trobar\u00e0s diverses dades interessants que s’han anat donant durant el seu desenvolupament i de les que molt poca gent \u00e9s coneixedora.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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L’origen de l’ensinistrament can\u00ed<\/h2>\n
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L’origen de l’ensinistrament can\u00ed<\/strong> no es remunta molts segles enrere. Encara que existeix la creen\u00e7a que els primers gossos van ser, llops domesticats en la prehist\u00f2ria, la realitat \u00e9s que els primers proto gossos es van acostar a l’home rebuscant entre les escombraries, i van ser aquests, i no els llops, els que van evolucionar als gossos que coneixem avui dia. Els primers \u00e9ssers humans i aquests gossos convivien inicialment amb una relaci\u00f3 comensal, el gos obtenia menjar i l’hum\u00e0 no obtenia avantatges d’aquesta relaci\u00f3.<\/p>\n

M\u00e9s endavant, com apareixen en pintures i gravats antics, es va comen\u00e7ar a utilitzar als gossos com a gossos de guarda i ajuda en la ca\u00e7a. En la cultura grega, romana o eg\u00edpcia, on fins i tot s’enterraven al costat dels seus amos.<\/p>\n

Hist\u00f2ria de l’ensinistrament can\u00ed<\/h2>\n

Fa aproximadament 130 anys van apar\u00e8ixer les primeres races creades per l’home, que van ser classificades segons la seva v\u00e0lua per a diferents tasques: gossos ca\u00e7adors, de trineu, rastrejadors, per al pasturatge… A poc a poc s’anava instal\u00b7lant el concepte de gos de companyia.<\/p>\n

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Per\u00f2 l’origen de l’ensinistrament can\u00ed no s’inicia realment fins al segle XX<\/strong>. I per uns motius que segurament no imagines.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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La\u00a0hist\u00f2ria de l’ensinistrament can\u00ed est\u00e0 \u00edntimament lligada a les necessitats militars<\/strong> del moment. L’origen de la professi\u00f3 formal d’ensinistrador can\u00ed s’estableix en la Primera Guerra Mundial. Eren necessaris gossos forts, amb una disciplina marcada i r\u00edgida. Es comencen a marcar unes pautes b\u00e0siques i molt espec\u00edfiques per al seu ensenyament. Unes pautes que van anar complicant-se i distribuint-se per branques tan \u00e0mplies que s\u00f3n dif\u00edcils d’especificar.<\/p>\n

\u00c9s en aquest moment quan comencen a instaurar-se bases contradict\u00f2ries en funci\u00f3 de l’ensinistrador: des de cops i c\u00e0stigs f\u00edsics a l’extrem contrari de redirecci\u00f3 conductual i recompensa. Afortunadament, la tend\u00e8ncia actual s’inclina cap a l’ensinistrament positiu<\/strong>. Es basa principalment en el coneixement profund de les necessitats canines, en el refor\u00e7 de comportaments que s’espera que es repeteixin, i no en la reacci\u00f3\u00a0aversiva\u00a0davant el dolent.<\/p>\n

Crits, amenaces i cops no resultaven tan efica\u00e7os com es pensava, ja que provoquen por, estr\u00e8s i trenca el vincle amb la seva fam\u00edlia. La comprensi\u00f3, l’afecte i el refor\u00e7 positiu s\u00f3n molt m\u00e9s efica\u00e7os. Premiar el que fa b\u00e9<\/strong>\u00a0\u00e9s molt millor per a l’animal, per\u00f2 tamb\u00e9 per al propi amo o ensinistrador. Alguna cosa que no resulta incompatible amb mantenir la\u00a0fermesa, const\u00e0ncia i comprensi\u00f3 cap a la naturalesa canina<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

\"ensinistrament<\/p>\n

Curiositats de l’ensinistrament can\u00ed<\/h2>\n

Si b\u00e9 l’ensinistrament neix a mitjans del s. XX, trobem exemples anteriors<\/strong> que resulten tan curiosos com interessants.<\/p>\n

En l’\u00e8poca romana, el granger\u00a0Marcus\u00a0Varr\u00f3n<\/a> va registrar de manera escrita alguns consells sobre entrenament de gossos per a la cura del bestiar. Aix\u00ed mateix, l’escriptor grec Jenofonte escriu el tractat “Kuneguitos” (o ca\u00e7a amb gossos). En aquests escrits s’enalteix el valor de formar als gossos des de cadells.<\/p>\n

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El 1848 es va publicar el primer llibre sobre gossos de ca\u00e7a com a setters<\/em> i pointers<\/em><\/strong>. Titulat Dog Breaking<\/em>, es delimitava un m\u00e8tode concret, minuci\u00f3s i senzill basat en les recompenses. Poc despr\u00e9s, Stephen Hammond escriuria el seu llibre Practical Training<\/em>. En ell tamb\u00e9 es refor\u00e7ava la recompensa, l’afecte i la lloan\u00e7a com a sistema b\u00e0sic per a motivar un comportament excel\u00b7lent.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Per\u00f2 sens dubte, una figura clau en aquest aspecte va ser\u00a0Konrad\u00a0Most<\/strong>. Es va encarregar de formar a gossos policia a Alemanya, ja que investigava sobre la psicologia canina i els tipus de treball que els gossos poden exercir. Amb la Primera Guerra Mundial va formar a un grup de gossos; en la Segona, va instaurar l'”Institut Experimental de Gossos de les Forces Armades”. Al final de la contesa va crear la “Granja de Gossos Alemanys”. Una de les\u00a0curiositats de l’ensinistrament can\u00ed<\/strong>\u00a0de\u00a0Most\u00a0va ser l’entrenament de\u00a0gossos d’ajuda per a cecs<\/strong>. Moltes de les seves aportacions continuen vigents en l’actualitat en la formaci\u00f3 de\u00a0gossos policia i de cossos militars<\/strong>.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Una evoluci\u00f3 positiva<\/h2>\n
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La\u00a0hist\u00f2ria de l’ensinistrament can\u00ed<\/strong>, aix\u00ed com el paper que exerceix l’ensinistrador professional<\/a>, han evolucionat amb el pas dels segles. De la indifer\u00e8ncia, al c\u00e0stig i, finalment, l’actual recompensa i comprensi\u00f3. Tot un exemple del canvi de mentalitat viscut en la societat, que ha acabat considerant al gos com un membre m\u00e9s de la fam\u00edlia. La sensibilitzaci\u00f3 i la millor comprensi\u00f3 del comportament del ca s\u00f3n clau per a fer d’ell un animal equilibrat i feli\u00e7.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Si tens un o diversos gossos, segurament ja sabr\u00e0s el dif\u00edcil que \u00e9s educar-los i ensenyar-los unes certes actituds positives. Per\u00f2, mai t’has preguntat quan comen\u00e7a la\u00a0hist\u00f2ria de l’ensinistrament can\u00ed? \u00c9s realment sorprenent. Si t’ha cridat la curiositat i vols satisfer-la, has donat amb l’article indicat. En ell descobrir\u00e0s quan va comen\u00e7ar en la hist\u00f2ria […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":11351,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[94],"tags":[98,95,128,120],"class_list":["post-11215","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-educador-cani","tag-auxiliar-veterinaria","tag-educacio-canina","tag-fisioterapia-veterinaria","tag-rehabilitacio-veterinaria"],"yoast_head":"\nLa hist\u00f2ria de l'ensinistrament can\u00ed i dades d'inter\u00e8s | EOC Barcelona<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"T'has preguntat alguna vegada quan i com comen\u00e7a la hist\u00f2ria de l'ensinistrament can\u00ed? 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