{"id":12533,"date":"2023-06-22T11:25:39","date_gmt":"2023-06-22T09:25:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/eoc.cat\/?p=12533"},"modified":"2023-07-10T09:40:42","modified_gmt":"2023-07-10T07:40:42","slug":"funcionament-plaques-solars","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/eoc.cat\/ca\/funcionament-plaques-solars\/","title":{"rendered":"Funcionament de les plaques solars fotovoltaiques."},"content":{"rendered":"

T’has preguntat alguna vegada com funcionen les plaques solars? En aquest article et parlarem sobre el funcionament de les plaques solars fotovoltaiques<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

La transici\u00f3 energ\u00e8tica no sols \u00e9s un fet, \u00e9s una realitat. El canvi clim\u00e0tic<\/strong> i l’escassetat de combustibles f\u00f2ssils requereixen de noves fonts d’energia i nous models energ\u00e8tics. Les energies renovables i, entre elles, l’energia solar<\/strong>, ofereixen la millor alternativa avui dia a les crisis que afronta el m\u00f3n. Gr\u00e0cies a la seva versatilitat, el seu cost i la seva facilitat d’instal\u00b7laci\u00f3, l’energia solar encap\u00e7ala les alternatives verdes per a la generaci\u00f3 de consum a escala industrial i personal.<\/p>\n

Per tot aix\u00f2, formar-se com a instal\u00b7lador de plaques solars fotovoltaiques<\/a>, encarregades de generar energia solar, es converteix en una opci\u00f3 molt atractiva per als pr\u00f2xims anys. Con\u00e8ixer i entendre el funcionament d’aquests dispositius ens capacita per a instal\u00b7lar-los, per a realitzar el seu manteniment i per a assessorar cada usuari de manera vera\u00e7 i efectiva.<\/p>\n

Com funcionen les plaques solars?<\/h2>\n

Les plaques solars capten la radiaci\u00f3 solar i la converteixen en corrent continu<\/strong>. Les aplicacions dom\u00e8stiques, no obstant aix\u00f2, treballen amb corrent altern, per la qual cosa \u00e9s necessari comptar amb un inversor que ens permeti convertir el corrent generat per les plaques en corrent que pugui ser emprada per a moure maquin\u00e0ria o posar en funcionament electrodom\u00e8stics. El tipus d’inversor utilitzat dependr\u00e0 de l’\u00fas que es vulgui donar a la instal\u00b7laci\u00f3 fotovoltaica. Una instal\u00b7laci\u00f3 independent de la xarxa<\/strong>, destinada \u00fanicament a autoconsum, pot funcionar amb un inversor tradicional. Per contra, una instal\u00b7laci\u00f3 connectada a la xarxa<\/strong>, que vulgui bolcar l’excedent o que empri bateries, haur\u00e0 de comptar amb inversors solars h\u00edbrids<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Encara que l’inversor \u00e9s un element imprescindible de qualsevol instal\u00b7laci\u00f3, les plaques solars s\u00f3n l’element clau. Estan formades per diversos elements destinats a protegir les c\u00e8l\u00b7lules fotovoltaiques i a transportar l’energia, a m\u00e9s de la c\u00e8l\u00b7lula pr\u00f2piament dita. Les c\u00e8l\u00b7lules fotovoltaiques estan formades per elements semiconductors dopats<\/strong>, habitualment amb f\u00f2sfor o bor. Un semiconductor \u00e9s un material o subst\u00e0ncia que t\u00e9 una resist\u00e8ncia m\u00e9s alta al pas de corrent que un bon conductor, per\u00f2 significativament m\u00e9s baixa que un a\u00efllant.<\/p>\n

A m\u00e9s, aquests materials milloren les seves propietats conductores amb la temperatura, convertint-se en excel\u00b7lents candidats per a la tasca de convertir l’energia solar en electricitat. El material semiconductor \u00e9s dopat amb un element qu\u00edmic que modifica les seves propietats conductores i que sol formar dues capes diferenciades, una carregada positivament i una altra negativament. Quan la llum solar, els seus fotons m\u00e9s aviat, incideixen sobre la c\u00e8l\u00b7lula fotovoltaica obliguen als electrons a circular entre les dues capes, generant una difer\u00e8ncia de potencial i un corrent continu.<\/p>\n

\"plaques<\/h2>\n

Tipus de panells solars<\/h2>\n

Hi ha molts tipus diferents de plaques solars<\/strong>, depenent de la seva configuraci\u00f3 i decisions de muntatge i transport d’energia. Les decisions d’on col\u00b7locar les barres per les quals circularan els electrons, on col\u00b7locar els cables que transportaran l’energia, si s’empren sistemes de soldadures i mitja cel\u00b7la o sistemes de cel\u00b7la completa, afecten enormement el rendiment i la durabilitat de les plaques solars. El bon o mal funcionament de les plaques solars sol avaluar-se segons el seu rendiment i efici\u00e8ncia<\/strong>. No obstant aix\u00f2, la durabilitat<\/strong> ha d’entrar tamb\u00e9 en l’equaci\u00f3, ja que un panell que es degrada als pocs anys pot no resultar rendible, fins i tot si la seva efici\u00e8ncia \u00e9s major.<\/p>\n

Encara que totes aquestes consideracions defineixen el tipus de panells solars que \u00e9s possible instal\u00b7lar, actualment es reconeixen tres grans tipus de panells: els monocristalins<\/strong>, els policristalins i els de capa fina<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Panells solars monocristalins<\/h3>\n

Els panells monocristalins<\/strong> estan formats per nom\u00e9s un cristall. El semiconductor emprat es talla en fines l\u00e0mines, oferint aix\u00ed la major efici\u00e8ncia energ\u00e8tica avui dia. Aquest tipus de panells s\u00f3n f\u00e0cilment recognoscibles pel seu color negre intens. Dins dels monocristalins, trobem els monocristalins PERC<\/strong> que, mitjan\u00e7ant una fina capa entre el semiconductor i l’alumini en qu\u00e8 es recolzen, empren una capa que permet aprofitar la llum reflectida per la pr\u00f2pia c\u00e8l\u00b7lula per a generar energia. No s\u00f3n les m\u00e9s eficients dins de les plaques monocristalines, per\u00f2 tal vegada s\u00ed que s\u00f3n les que, ara com ara, ofereixen una millor relaci\u00f3 efici\u00e8ncia\/preu.<\/p>\n

Plaques solars policristalins<\/h3>\n

Les plaques policristalines<\/strong> fan servir diversos cristalls fosos per a formar cada cel\u00b7la. Aix\u00f2 implica que la puresa del material semiconductor no \u00e9s tan alta com en el cas en qu\u00e8 es talla a l\u00e0mines i, per tant, la seva efici\u00e8ncia \u00e9s tamb\u00e9 menor.<\/p>\n

Panells de capa fina<\/h3>\n

Els panells solars de capa fina<\/strong> s\u00f3n els menys eficients, ja que es fabriquen a partir de dipositar diverses capes fines de materials semiconductors sobre la capa de suport. En contraposici\u00f3, s\u00f3n tamb\u00e9 els m\u00e9s barats.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Com hem vist, entendre el funcionament de les plaques solars fotovoltaiques \u00e9s complex. Hi ha moltes variables a tenir en compte i cada instal\u00b7laci\u00f3 requerir\u00e0 de l’una o l’altra soluci\u00f3. \u00c9s per aix\u00f2 que formar-se sobre els panells solars, la seva instal\u00b7laci\u00f3 i el seu manteniment \u00e9s important per a poder prendre les millors decisions en cada projecte.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

T’has preguntat alguna vegada com funcionen les plaques solars? En aquest article et parlarem sobre el funcionament de les plaques solars fotovoltaiques. La transici\u00f3 energ\u00e8tica no sols \u00e9s un fet, \u00e9s una realitat. El canvi clim\u00e0tic i l’escassetat de combustibles f\u00f2ssils requereixen de noves fonts d’energia i nous models energ\u00e8tics. Les energies renovables i, entre […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":12538,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[150],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-12533","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-installacions-solars"],"yoast_head":"\nFuncionament de les plaques solars fotovoltaiques | EOC<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"En aquest article et parlarem del funcionament de les plaques solars fotovoltaiques. 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