{"id":12637,"date":"2023-10-09T12:10:56","date_gmt":"2023-10-09T10:10:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/eoc.cat\/?p=12637"},"modified":"2023-10-09T12:11:11","modified_gmt":"2023-10-09T10:11:11","slug":"cirurgia-ortopedica","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/eoc.cat\/ca\/cirurgia-ortopedica\/","title":{"rendered":"Cirurgia ortop\u00e8dica, qu\u00e8 \u00e9s?"},"content":{"rendered":"

La cirurgia ortop\u00e8dica<\/strong> \u00e9s una branca de la medicina especialitzada en els trastorns del sistema locomotor o musculoesquel\u00e8tic<\/strong>. Aquest sistema est\u00e0 format per ossos, articulacions, m\u00fasculs, lligaments, tendons i nervis. D’ell dep\u00e8n el moviment correcte del cos. Es tracta, per tant, d’un camp m\u00e8dic molt ampli que at\u00e9n m\u00faltiples malalties. En les seg\u00fcents l\u00ednies, t’expliquem en qu\u00e8 consisteix aquesta especialitat i quins coneixements has d’adquirir si desitges dedicar-te a ella.<\/p>\n

Aquest tema forma part del Curs d’Auxiliar de Quir\u00f2fan i central d’esterilitzaci\u00f3 i equips<\/a>.<\/p>\n

De qu\u00e8 s’ocupa la cirurgia ortop\u00e8dica?<\/h2>\n

Un cirurgi\u00e0 ortop\u00e8dic<\/strong> \u00e9s un professional format per a prevenir, diagnosticar i tractar diferents malalties relacionades amb l’aparell locomotor<\/strong>. Hauries de visitar-ho, per exemple, si sofreixes un accident, una lesi\u00f3 esportiva o si experimentes mol\u00e8sties en les articulacions. El seu \u00e0mbit d’actuaci\u00f3 inclou, entre altres afeccions, luxacions, esquin\u00e7aments de lligaments, artritis, fractures i h\u00e8rnies discals.<\/p>\n

Cal tenir en compte que l’ideal \u00e9s optar per la soluci\u00f3 menys invasiva possible i evitar intervencions quir\u00fargiques. Precisament per aix\u00f2, la valoraci\u00f3 dels cirurgians ortop\u00e8dics resulta determinant. Sovint, col\u00b7laboren amb altres equips de metges, s’encarreguen d’examinar l’estat del pacient i de triar la ter\u00e0pia m\u00e9s recomanable. En uns certs casos, els f\u00e0rmacs o la fisioter\u00e0pia poden ser suficients. En altres ocasions, \u00e9s inevitable passar pel quir\u00f2fan. Gaireb\u00e9 sempre, la decisi\u00f3 dep\u00e8n d’aquest especialista del sistema musculoesquel\u00e8tic.<\/p>\n

En general, les patologies del sistema locomotor<\/strong> que requereixen cirurgia s\u00f3n les lesions d’origen inflamatori, traum\u00e0tic o degeneratiu. L’artropl\u00e0stia i la ligamentoplastia s\u00f3n algunes de les intervencions m\u00e9s habituals. At\u00e8s que aquesta disciplina s’ocupa de diferents parts del cos, ens ocuparem d’elles per separat.<\/p>\n

Lesions en les espatlles<\/h2>\n

L’espatlla est\u00e0 composta per tres ossos, h\u00famer, esc\u00e0pula i clav\u00edcula, aix\u00ed com per lligaments, articulacions i m\u00fasculs. \u00c9s una zona delicada que ens permet realitzar moviments amplis i complexos. Aquesta mobilitat ho fa propens a sofrir malalties. Una de les m\u00e9s comunes afecta al maniguet rotador<\/strong>, un conjunt de tendons i m\u00fasculs encarregats de garantir l’estabilitat de l’espatlla. La tendinitis<\/strong> i els esquin\u00e7aments<\/strong> s\u00f3n freq\u00fcents en aquesta \u00e0rea.<\/p>\n

Malalties als peus<\/h2>\n

La sofisticada biomec\u00e0nica dels peus es basa en una estructura formada per 26 ossos, m\u00e9s de 100 m\u00fasculs i 33 articulacions. Del seu correcte funcionament dep\u00e8n la mobilitat, el suport de tot el cos, l’equilibri i la flexibilitat. Malgrat la seva import\u00e0ncia per al nostre benestar, moltes vegades no els prestem la deguda atenci\u00f3. Les afeccions podales<\/strong> poden comprometre la nostra salut de manera significativa. La cirurgia ortop\u00e8dica<\/strong> s’ocupa de trastorns com la metatars\u00e0lgia, els dits en martell, els galindons, els peus plans i els peus arquejats<\/strong>, entre altres.<\/p>\n

Patologies del genoll<\/h2>\n

Aquesta articulaci\u00f3 crucial est\u00e0 exposada a una gran quantitat de tensions al llarg de la nostra vida di\u00e0ria. La seva funci\u00f3 de frontissa la fa particularment vulnerable. Per aix\u00f2, els cirurgians ortop\u00e8dics tracten amb regularitat lesions de menisc<\/strong>, del lligament creuat anterior<\/strong> o del cart\u00edlag auricular<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

\"genoll<\/p>\n

Lesions en els colzes i a les mans<\/h2>\n

En el colze convergeixen les articulacions de tres ossos i, igual que ocorre amb el genoll, el seu \u00fas repetitiu sol generar nombroses complicacions. La m\u00e0 presenta una estructura composta per 26 ossos. L’anomenada s\u00edndrome del t\u00fanel carpi\u00e0<\/strong> \u00e9s un dels seus trastorns m\u00e9s recurrents. Afecta a la nina i a la base de la m\u00e0 i consisteix en una compressi\u00f3 o irritaci\u00f3 del nervi que les travessa. Altres problemes s\u00f3n la ruptura de l’escafoides<\/strong> i l’artrosi del polze<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Lesions en la columna vertebral<\/h2>\n

Les malalties de la columna vertebral<\/strong> poden ser de diferent naturalesa. La formen 33 v\u00e8rtebres: 7 cervicals, 12 dorsals, 5 lumbars, 5 sacroaxiales i 4 en el coxis. Les lesions en aquesta regi\u00f3 s\u00f3n complicades i, en la seva majoria, precisen d’una intervenci\u00f3 quir\u00fargica. Aquestes lesions solen estar produ\u00efdes per traumatismes, degeneraci\u00f3 o malalties cong\u00e8nites. Les m\u00e9s destacades s\u00f3n l’h\u00e8rnia de disc<\/strong>, l’escoliosi<\/strong>, l’estenosi espinal<\/strong> i les fractures vertebrals<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Trastorns en els malucs<\/h2>\n

La funci\u00f3 principal dels malucs \u00e9s permetre el moviment de les cames. Moltes persones adultes pateixen afeccions en aquesta articulaci\u00f3. Es deuen, sobretot, a fractures, a desequilibris musculars, a l’artritis reumatoide o a lesions esportives. Segons la gravetat que presentin, el metge pot prescriure des d’un simple rep\u00f2s fins a, en casos d’artrosi severa, la implantaci\u00f3 d’una pr\u00f2tesi.<\/p>\n

Com acabes de veure, la cirurgia ortop\u00e8dica<\/strong> \u00e9s una branca de la medicina fascinant i amb moltes aplicacions. Contribueix a recuperar la mobilitat dels pacients i a millorar la seva qualitat de vida. A m\u00e9s, es tracta d’un camp en constant evoluci\u00f3, caracteritzat per la col\u00b7laboraci\u00f3 estreta amb altres professionals de la salut. Gr\u00e0cies a aix\u00f2, ofereix als pacients les t\u00e8cniques m\u00e9s innovadores i un enfocament integral de la medicina. Sens dubte, \u00e9s una especialitat molt gratificant des del punt de vista hum\u00e0, professional i econ\u00f2mic.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

La cirurgia ortop\u00e8dica \u00e9s una branca de la medicina especialitzada en els trastorns del sistema locomotor o musculoesquel\u00e8tic. Aquest sistema est\u00e0 format per ossos, articulacions, m\u00fasculs, lligaments, tendons i nervis. D’ell dep\u00e8n el moviment correcte del cos. Es tracta, per tant, d’un camp m\u00e8dic molt ampli que at\u00e9n m\u00faltiples malalties. En les seg\u00fcents l\u00ednies, t’expliquem […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":12641,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[91],"tags":[92],"class_list":["post-12637","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-auxiliar-quirofan","tag-auxiliar-quirofan"],"yoast_head":"\nCirurgia ortop\u00e8dica, qu\u00e8 \u00e9s? | Auxiliar Quir\u00f2fan EOC<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"La cirurgia ortop\u00e8dica \u00e9s una branca de la medicina especialitzada en els trastorns del sistema locomotor o musculoesquel\u00e8tic.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/eoc.cat\/ca\/cirurgia-ortopedica\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ca_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Cirurgia ortop\u00e8dica, qu\u00e8 \u00e9s? | Auxiliar Quir\u00f2fan EOC\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"La cirurgia ortop\u00e8dica \u00e9s una branca de la medicina especialitzada en els trastorns del sistema locomotor o musculoesquel\u00e8tic.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/eoc.cat\/ca\/cirurgia-ortopedica\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Escola d'Oficis Catalunya\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/EscoladOficisCatalunya\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2023-10-09T10:10:56+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2023-10-09T10:11:11+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/eoc.cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/cirugia-ortopedica.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1080\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"720\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"EOC\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:title\" content=\"El sondaje vesical, \u00bfen qu\u00e9 consiste? | Auxiliar Enfermer\u00eda EOC\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:description\" content=\"Te explicamos qu\u00e9 es un\u00a0sondaje vesical, sus tipolog\u00edas, c\u00f3mo se realiza y los cuidados posteriores. 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