{"id":12666,"date":"2023-11-06T10:18:06","date_gmt":"2023-11-06T09:18:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/eoc.cat\/?p=12666"},"modified":"2023-11-06T10:18:27","modified_gmt":"2023-11-06T09:18:27","slug":"tipus-anestesia-quirofan","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/eoc.cat\/ca\/tipus-anestesia-quirofan\/","title":{"rendered":"Tipus d’anest\u00e8sia en el quir\u00f2fan"},"content":{"rendered":"

Els diferents tipus d’anest\u00e8sia<\/strong> usats en un quir\u00f2fan acostumen a generar dubtes diversos en els qui han de sotmetre’s a una intervenci\u00f3. Per aquest motiu, t’aclarim quins s\u00f3n i com s’utilitzen depenent de l’operaci\u00f3 corresponent.<\/p>\n

Aquest tema forma part del temari del nostre curs d’Auxiliar de Quir\u00f2fan i central d’esterilitzaci\u00f3 i equips<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Tipus de f\u00e0rmacs anest\u00e8sics i els seus usos<\/h2>\n

Comencem aclarint-te que \u00e9s l’anestesista<\/strong> qui comen\u00e7a realitzant una prova pr\u00e8via a la intervenci\u00f3. Ha de con\u00e8ixer quin \u00e9s el pes i l’altura del pacient per a triar la dosi m\u00e9s adequada. Posteriorment, haur\u00e0 de seleccionar la modalitat d’anest\u00e8sia llegint l’informe del cirurgi\u00e0 sobre la intervenci\u00f3. Aix\u00ed, tria entre una de les seg\u00fcents opcions.<\/p>\n

Anest\u00e8sia local<\/h2>\n

\u00c9s un dels tipus d’anest\u00e8sia amb un radi d’aplicaci\u00f3 m\u00e9s limitat. La durada de l’efecte dependr\u00e0 de la dosi i del nombre d’aplicacions. Hi ha diversos tipus com:<\/p>\n

    \n
  • L’anest\u00e8sia t\u00f2pica<\/strong>. S’utilitza en forma de gotes (per a operacions oftalmol\u00f2giques), esprai (per a la gola) o t\u00f2pica.<\/li>\n
  • Infiltracions<\/strong>. S’injecta la subst\u00e0ncia en la zona i s\u00f3n els cirurgians els que la van aplicant durant la cirurgia.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    \u00c9s de vital import\u00e0ncia seleccionar com es vol anestesiar l’\u00e0rea d’intervenci\u00f3. \u00c9s freq\u00fcent que es valorin aspectes com:<\/p>\n

      \n
    • L’\u00fas de bupivaca\u00edna i no de lidoca\u00efna<\/strong> donat el major efecte de la primera. La combinaci\u00f3 de tots dos f\u00e0rmacs anest\u00e8sics no \u00e9s freq\u00fcent.<\/li>\n
    • La dosi. Com m\u00e9s gran sigui, m\u00e9s durar\u00e0 l’efecte i menor seran les mol\u00e8sties en la persona intervinguda.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      Si s’afegir\u00e0, o no, adrenalina que actua com a vasoconstrictor retardant l’eliminaci\u00f3 del f\u00e0rmac de l’organisme i allargant la seva efectivitat.<\/p>\n

      \"anestesia<\/h2>\n

      Anest\u00e8sia regional<\/h2>\n

      La seva \u00e0rea d’acci\u00f3 \u00e9s major que la del cas anterior<\/strong>. Si s’operar\u00e0 una extremitat superior, s’acostuma a optar per l’anest\u00e8sia troncular (especialment si nom\u00e9s es veu afectat un nervi). D’implicar-se diversos nervis, l’anest\u00e8sia de plexe \u00e9s la m\u00e9s utilitzada. L’anest\u00e8sia s’injecta directament en el nervi o nervis o en la zona immediata a la columna vertebral. D’aquest tipus hi ha dues versions:<\/p>\n

        \n
      • La intratecal o raqu\u00eddia<\/strong>. L’agulla travessa la capa de la medul\u00b7la espinal i l’anest\u00e8sia s’injecta en l’LCR (l\u00edquid cefalorraquidi).<\/li>\n
      • L’epidural<\/strong>. Nom\u00e9s afecta a la part per la qual els nervis entren en la medul\u00b7la. S’usa un cat\u00e8ter perqu\u00e8 l’anest\u00e8sia es pugui administrar sense interrupcions.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        Ambdues es fan servir durant una cirurgia o intervenci\u00f3 (com un part) en la qual \u00e9s necessari que el pacient estigui despert. A m\u00e9s, haur\u00e0 de col\u00b7laborar d’alguna manera amb el cirurgi\u00e0 pel que fa a canvis de postura, per citar un exemple.<\/p>\n

        Anest\u00e8sia general<\/h2>\n

        Sens dubte, destaca entre els tipus d’anest\u00e8sia pels seus efectes i pels dubtes que genera en alguns pacients. Comporta la p\u00e8rdua total de sensibilitat en el cos i va de bracet de la p\u00e8rdua de coneixement. Les seves fases s\u00f3n:<\/p>\n

          \n
        • La inducci\u00f3<\/strong>. L’anestesi\u00f2leg va injectant els f\u00e0rmacs per a aconseguir la hipnosi, l’abs\u00e8ncia de dolor, l’amn\u00e8sia i que el pacient es relaxi. Sol combinar-se una dosi d’hipn\u00f2tics que generen somni amb derivats de la morfina per a evitar el dolor. Els relaxants musculars s’usen exclusivament quan es necessita que la musculatura estigui relaxada. Sol usar-se, per exemple, per a la inserci\u00f3 de tubs en la tr\u00e0quea. Durant aquesta primera fase l’anestesista s’encarrega de controlar les constants vitals. Ens referim a la tensi\u00f3 i a l’oxigenaci\u00f3 que es monitoren gr\u00e0cies a diferents sensors repartits pel cos del pacient.<\/li>\n
        • El manteniment<\/strong>. Es continuen injectant f\u00e0rmacs per a mantenir els efectes aconseguits. \u00c9s possible fer-ho de manera intravenosa o inhalat\u00f2ria. D’usar-se ambdues al mateix temps en el quir\u00f2fan es denomina anest\u00e8sia balancejada.<\/li>\n
        • El despertar<\/strong>. Despr\u00e9s de tallar-se el subministrament dels f\u00e0rmacs s’espera que el pacient reaccioni. A vegades, \u00e9s necessari emprar antagonistes de les subst\u00e0ncies utilitzades. Quan recupera la consci\u00e8ncia s’eliminen els elements de ventilaci\u00f3 i es trasllada a la persona a la zona de reanimaci\u00f3. Passats uns minuts, i despr\u00e9s de comprovar que les seves funcions s\u00f3n normals, podr\u00e0 tornar a l’habitaci\u00f3 assignada.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          Quins s\u00f3n els tipus d’anest\u00e8sia m\u00e9s emprats en quir\u00f2fan?<\/h2>\n

          En l’actualitat s’opta per combinar dues: la regional o local i la general. L’objectiu \u00e9s aconseguir que el pacient no senti dolor en la zona operada<\/strong> mitjan\u00e7ant un cat\u00e8ter amb anest\u00e8sia local. A m\u00e9s, l’anest\u00e8sia regional s’acompanya d’una sedaci\u00f3 que permet que la persona se senti m\u00e9s tranquil\u00b7la durant tot el proc\u00e9s.<\/p>\n

          Esperem haver-te aclarit quins s\u00f3n els tipus d’anest\u00e8sia existents en quir\u00f2fan i com s’utilitza cadascun d’ells. L’anestesista i el cirurgi\u00e0 seran els encarregats de seleccionar la m\u00e9s adequada per a l’operaci\u00f3. Tot sigui per aconseguir que l’experi\u00e8ncia del pacient sigui el m\u00e9s suportable possible.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

          Els diferents tipus d’anest\u00e8sia usats en un quir\u00f2fan acostumen a generar dubtes diversos en els qui han de sotmetre’s a una intervenci\u00f3. Per aquest motiu, t’aclarim quins s\u00f3n i com s’utilitzen depenent de l’operaci\u00f3 corresponent. Aquest tema forma part del temari del nostre curs d’Auxiliar de Quir\u00f2fan i central d’esterilitzaci\u00f3 i equips. Tipus de f\u00e0rmacs […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":12672,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[91],"tags":[92],"class_list":["post-12666","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-auxiliar-quirofan","tag-auxiliar-quirofan"],"yoast_head":"\nTipus d'anest\u00e8sia en el quir\u00f2fan | Auxiliar Quir\u00f2fan EOC<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Els diferents tipus d'anest\u00e8sia usats en un quir\u00f2fan acostumen a generar dubtes diversos en els qui han de sotmetre's a una intervenci\u00f3.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/eoc.cat\/ca\/tipus-anestesia-quirofan\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" 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