{"id":13433,"date":"2024-08-12T08:07:01","date_gmt":"2024-08-12T06:07:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/eoc.cat\/?p=13433"},"modified":"2024-08-05T12:17:00","modified_gmt":"2024-08-05T10:17:00","slug":"instruments-de-mesurament-electric","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/eoc.cat\/ca\/instruments-de-mesurament-electric\/","title":{"rendered":"Instruments de mesurament el\u00e8ctric"},"content":{"rendered":"

Els instruments de mesurament el\u00e8ctric<\/strong> s\u00f3n eines fonamentals per a qualsevol professional del sector. La seva utilitat \u00e9s molt variada, ja que poden ser emprats per a diagnosticar possibles problemes en una instal\u00b7laci\u00f3 o fins i tot per a fer un seguiment d’un par\u00e0metre concret al llarg del temps.<\/p>\n

Aquest tema forma part del temari del nostre Curs d’Instal\u00b7lador Electricista<\/a> que et permet optar a l’habilitaci\u00f3 professional d’instal\u00b7lador electricista.<\/p>\n

Utilitzar els instruments de mesurament el\u00e8ctric<\/h2>\n

Identificar amb total precisi\u00f3 mesures com el voltatge<\/strong> o la intensitat d’un corrent el\u00e8ctric<\/strong> t’estalviar\u00e0 una gran quantitat de temps a l’hora de con\u00e8ixer si un dispositiu, o fins i tot una l\u00ednia completa, est\u00e0 funcionant de manera adequada.<\/p>\n

Classificaci\u00f3 dels equips segons la seva manera de mesurar la informaci\u00f3<\/h3>\n

Existeixen dos grans grups d’instruments de mesurament el\u00e8ctric:<\/p>\n

    \n
  • Anal\u00f2gics<\/strong>. Fins fa alguns anys, aquests eren els m\u00e9s habituals. No requereixen l’\u00fas de piles o bateries, ja que funcionen gr\u00e0cies al camp electromagn\u00e8tic que generen els corrents el\u00e8ctrics i aprofiten aix\u00f2 per a mostrar una xifra concreta mitjan\u00e7ant una agulla. Un dels majors problemes d’aquests dispositius \u00e9s que no tenen una gran precisi\u00f3. A m\u00e9s, \u00e9s necessari que comptis amb un per a cada magnitud que desitgis con\u00e8ixer.<\/li>\n
  • Digitals<\/strong>. Es poden usar de la mateixa manera que els anteriors. El principal avantatge sobre ells \u00e9s que proporcionen una precisi\u00f3 molt m\u00e9s elevada. A m\u00e9s, s\u00f3n capa\u00e7os de detectar diferents magnituds amb un mateix aparell, per la qual cosa amortitzar\u00e0s molt abans el seu cost.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    Els instruments que no poden faltar en el teu malet\u00ed<\/h3>\n

    A continuaci\u00f3, et mostrarem els m\u00e9s importants per a qualsevol t\u00e8cnic:<\/p>\n

      \n
    • Galvan\u00f2metre<\/strong>. El principal \u00fas d’aquest aparell \u00e9s con\u00e8ixer si existeix un corrent dins d’un circuit tancat. A m\u00e9s, \u00e9s capa\u00e7 de mostrar la intensitat d’aquesta.<\/li>\n
    • Volt\u00edmetre<\/strong>. Es tracta d’un altre dels equips imprescindibles per als professionals. En aquest cas, la seva funci\u00f3 principal consisteix a mesurar la difer\u00e8ncia de pot\u00e8ncia entre dos punts dins d’un circuit. Tamb\u00e9 \u00e9s capa\u00e7 de fer el mateix amb el voltatge de piles o bateries, alguna cosa que pot indicar-te el seu nivell de desgast en tenir en compte la seva capacitat nominal.<\/li>\n
    • Amper\u00edmetre<\/strong>. Con\u00e8ixer quants amperes d’intensitat t\u00e9 una l\u00ednia el\u00e8ctrica \u00e9s una dada molt important. Et permet saber si existeixen fugides de corrent dins d’un circuit o valorar l’estat de funcionament d’un motor.<\/li>\n
    • Ohmetre<\/strong>. Aquests instruments de mesura el\u00e8ctrica et permeten con\u00e8ixer els valors de resist\u00e8ncia (ohms) d’un circuit. Aquesta mesura el\u00e8ctrica quantifica la velocitat a la qual \u00e9s capa\u00e7 de moure’s el corrent, un valor que \u00e9s fonamental per a evitar problemes en els aparells el\u00e8ctrics. A vegades, aquestes resist\u00e8ncies estan danyades i per a con\u00e8ixer on es troba exactament l’avaria pots utilitzar aquest equip.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      \"mesurament<\/p>\n

        \n
      • Oscil\u00b7loscopi<\/strong>. Es tracta d’un dels aparells m\u00e9s avan\u00e7ats per al seu \u00fas professional i et facilitar\u00e0 el treball a l’hora de con\u00e8ixer aspectes com l’amplitud de voltatge d’un circuit o la seva freq\u00fc\u00e8ncia. A m\u00e9s, en mostrar la informaci\u00f3 de manera gr\u00e0fica et resultar\u00e0 molt f\u00e0cil distingir qualsevol alteraci\u00f3 en el senyal, alguna cosa que podria indicar un problema en la l\u00ednia el\u00e8ctrica.<\/li>\n
      • Analitzador d’espectre<\/strong>. A vegades, aquest equip es confon amb l’anterior. No obstant aix\u00f2, \u00e9s molt m\u00e9s avan\u00e7at i permet individualitzar cada senyal per a mostrar dades com la seva intensitat o freq\u00fc\u00e8ncia.<\/li>\n
      • Monitor d’energia<\/strong>. La funci\u00f3 d’aquest aparell \u00e9s molt senzilla: s’encarrega de recopilar el consum de watts d’una l\u00ednia al llarg del temps. Aix\u00f2 permet con\u00e8ixer, per exemple, si es produeix un exc\u00e9s de despesa en determinats electrodom\u00e8stics de la llar, aix\u00ed com fer un seguiment als consums que es produeixen en estand by. Alguna cosa que pot suposar fins a un 11% de la despesa total d’un habitatge.<\/li>\n
      • Comprovador de llums fluorescents<\/strong>. Encara que aquest tipus d’il\u00b7luminaci\u00f3 ja no \u00e9s present en moltes cases, encara continua sent molt utilitzada en les empreses. Per aix\u00f2 aquests instruments de mesura el\u00e8ctrica continuen sent fonamentals. Amb ells podr\u00e0s comprovar l’estat dels llums i dels seus balastos, aix\u00ed com la continu\u00eftat entre les patilles.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        Eines per a usos m\u00faltiples<\/h2>\n

        Es tracta dels anomenats mult\u00edmetres<\/strong>. En ells s’integren algunes de les funcions que t’hem mostrat en l’apartat anterior. La majoria inclouen un mesurador de volts, d’amperes i d’ohms<\/strong>, ja que aquestes s\u00f3n les magnituds el\u00e8ctriques m\u00e9s rellevants per a la majoria dels treballs quotidians.<\/p>\n

        A m\u00e9s, un aspecte que has de valorar abans de la seva compra \u00e9s que comptin amb pin\u00e7a amperim\u00e8trica<\/strong>. I \u00e9s que es tracta de la forma m\u00e9s r\u00e0pida de fer un diagn\u00f2stic, ja que no \u00e9s necessari tocar el circuit ni desconnectar cap dels seus cables. Alguna cosa que, a m\u00e9s, converteix aquests aparells en instruments molt m\u00e9s segurs.<\/p>\n

        Els instruments de mesura el\u00e8ctrica tenen una gran varietat d’usos. Encara que aquestes eines van comen\u00e7ar a emprar-se fa ja molts anys, l’evoluci\u00f3 dels equips digitals ha suposat un avan\u00e7 molt important en les seves funcions. A m\u00e9s, els preus s’han redu\u00eft, per la qual cosa \u00e9s possible accedir a eines d’\u00fas professional a un cost molt m\u00e9s assequible.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

        Els instruments de mesurament el\u00e8ctric s\u00f3n eines fonamentals per a qualsevol professional del sector. La seva utilitat \u00e9s molt variada, ja que poden ser emprats per a diagnosticar possibles problemes en una instal\u00b7laci\u00f3 o fins i tot per a fer un seguiment d’un par\u00e0metre concret al llarg del temps. Aquest tema forma part del temari […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":13573,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[81],"tags":[82],"class_list":["post-13433","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-electricitat-general","tag-electricitat-general"],"yoast_head":"\nInstruments de mesurament el\u00e8ctric | EOC formaci\u00f3 Barcelona<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Els instruments de mesurament el\u00e8ctric s\u00f3n eines fonamentals per a qualsevol professional del sector. 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