{"id":14461,"date":"2025-03-10T11:50:36","date_gmt":"2025-03-10T10:50:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/eoc.cat\/?p=14461"},"modified":"2025-03-10T11:50:49","modified_gmt":"2025-03-10T10:50:49","slug":"anatomia-del-coll","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/eoc.cat\/ca\/anatomia-del-coll\/","title":{"rendered":"L’anatomia del coll"},"content":{"rendered":"

L’anatomia del coll<\/strong> est\u00e0 composta per algunes de les estructures m\u00e9s sorprenents del cos hum\u00e0. Com TCAE<\/strong> (T\u00e8cnic en Cures Auxiliars d’Infermeria<\/a>), \u00e9s fonamental que coneguis totes les regions que ho componen, aix\u00ed com la musculatura i la resta dels teixits que el componen. I sobretot aix\u00f2 et parlarem al llarg d’aquest text.<\/p>\n

Com es divideix l’anatomia del coll exactament?<\/h2>\n

A l’hora d’estudiar-ho, hem de tenir en consideraci\u00f3 el que es coneixen com a triangles del coll<\/strong>. I \u00e9s que, per a delimitar les seves parts fonamentals, podem formar dos triangles prenent com a refer\u00e8ncia la musculatura que ho envolta. Per\u00f2 ho veurem de forma m\u00e9s detallada.<\/p>\n

En primer lloc, tenim el triangle anterior<\/strong>. I es forma tenint en compte la vora anterior de l’esternoclidomastoidal, la zona inferior de la mand\u00edbula i la l\u00ednia mitjana del coll. Alguns dels teixits m\u00e9s significatius d’aquest triangle s\u00f3n la laringe, la gl\u00e0ndula tiroide i alguns vasos sanguinis principals, com l’art\u00e8ria car\u00f2tide o la vena jugular.<\/p>\n

El triangle posterior<\/strong>, al contrari, presa com a refer\u00e8ncia la vora posterior de l’esternoclidomastoidal, l’anterior del trapezi i el ter\u00e7 mitj\u00e0 de la clav\u00edcula. Aqu\u00ed trobem el plexe braquial i tamb\u00e9 la vena subcl\u00e0via.<\/p>\n

Al seu torn, per a obtenir una major precisi\u00f3, cadascun dels triangles se subdivideix en uns altres m\u00e9s petits<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

La musculatura del coll<\/h3>\n

La majoria de l’espai en el coll est\u00e0 ocupada per m\u00fasculs<\/strong>, les funcions dels quals s\u00f3n molt variades. En anatomia, segons la seva situaci\u00f3 en cadascun dels triangles principals se’ls atorga un grup.<\/p>\n

Aix\u00ed, els que es troben en el triangle posterior es diuen m\u00fasculs del triangle posterior<\/strong>. Addicionalment, se subdivideix l’espai de l’anterior en dos grups, en funci\u00f3 de la seva situaci\u00f3 respecte a l’os hioide.<\/p>\n

Els supra hioides<\/strong> (el dig\u00e0stric, el estilohioideo, el milohioideo i el geniohioideo) s’encarreguen de la degluci\u00f3. Els infrahioides<\/strong> (esternohioide, omohioide, esternotiroideoi tirohioide) ajuden a estabilitzar el hioide i tamb\u00e9 col\u00b7laboren en la fonaci\u00f3.<\/p>\n

Tamb\u00e9 hi ha alguns m\u00fasculs superficials<\/strong>, com \u00e9s el cas del platisma, que permet realitzar nombroses expressions facials i l’esternoclidomastoidal, la funci\u00f3 del qual \u00e9s doble. D’una banda, permet flexionar el cap, per\u00f2 quan es contreu en conjunci\u00f3 amb el m\u00fascul contra lateral, tamb\u00e9 la flexiona.<\/p>\n

Finalment, estan els m\u00fasculs prevertebrals<\/strong>, fonamentals per a moure el cap i el coll i entre els quals trobem el recte anterior del cap, l’anterior del coll, el llarg del cap i el llarg del coll.<\/p>\n

\"m\u00fasculs<\/p>\n

Laringe<\/h3>\n

La laringe<\/strong> \u00e9s un \u00f2rgan cartilagin\u00f3s que compleix amb diverses funcions clau. Se’l coneix, sobretot, perqu\u00e8 gr\u00e0cies a ell \u00e9s possible la fonaci\u00f3<\/strong>. Per\u00f2 tamb\u00e9 \u00e9s crucial per a la respiraci\u00f3 i, gr\u00e0cies a un dels seus cart\u00edlags, tamb\u00e9 protegeix la via a\u00e8ria de l’entrada de cossos estranys. Veurem quines s\u00f3n les seves estructures principals:<\/p>\n

    \n
  • Cart\u00edlag tiroide<\/strong>, el m\u00e9s gran i visible externament.<\/li>\n
  • Cart\u00edlag cricoide<\/strong>, que forma un anell complet.<\/li>\n
  • Cart\u00edlags aritenoides<\/strong>, fonamentals per a la mobilitat de les cordes vocals.<\/li>\n
  • Epiglotis<\/strong>, que impedeix el pas d’aliments cap a la tr\u00e0quea durant la degluci\u00f3.<\/li>\n
  • Gl\u00e0ndula tiroide<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    La gl\u00e0ndula tiroide \u00e9s una petita gl\u00e0ndula t\u00e9 una gran rellev\u00e0ncia a nivell endocr\u00ed. Se situa en la part anterior del coll, just davant de la tr\u00e0quea, i produeix les hormones tiroidals T3 i T4<\/strong>. Aquestes s\u00f3n les responsables de regular el metabolisme<\/strong>, i per aix\u00f2 quan no es produeixen en nivells suficients o ho fan de manera excessiva es produeixen problemes d’augments de pes o de p\u00e8rdues de pes sobtades.<\/p>\n

    Per\u00f2 no sempre els problemes es deuen a un mal funcionament de la gl\u00e0ndula. Aquesta es regula amb la TSH<\/strong>, l’hormona estimulant de la tiroide produ\u00efda en la hip\u00f2fisi.<\/p>\n

    Os hioide<\/h3>\n

    El hioide<\/strong>, al costat del manubri de l’est\u00e8rnum i les v\u00e8rtebres de la columna, \u00e9s un dels pocs ossos presents en el coll. T\u00e9 forma de \u201cO\u201d i est\u00e0 situat en la base de la llengua, just damunt de la laringe. Per\u00f2 hi ha alguna cosa que ho converteix en singular en el cos hum\u00e0, i \u00e9s que no est\u00e0 articulat amb cap altre os.<\/p>\n

    A m\u00e9s, a pesar que els humans no som els \u00fanics que tenim aquest os, ja que existeix en la majoria de les esp\u00e8cies de vertebrats, s\u00ed que t\u00e9 una funci\u00f3 \u00fanica. I \u00e9s que gr\u00e0cies a ell es pot modular el so en parlar. Tamb\u00e9 juga un paper important en la degluci\u00f3, ja que serveix d’ancoratge per a alguns m\u00fasculs de la llengua i el coll, com hem vist pr\u00e8viament.<\/p>\n

    L’anatomia del coll, com has pogut comprovar, est\u00e0 formada per algunes estructures molt interessants. I com auxiliar d’infermeria has de con\u00e8ixer-la a la perfecci\u00f3, ja que a l’hora de mobilitzar pacients o monitorar els seus signes vitals, pot ser que hagis de tenir en compte on es troba cada teixit.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    L’anatomia del coll est\u00e0 composta per algunes de les estructures m\u00e9s sorprenents del cos hum\u00e0. Com TCAE (T\u00e8cnic en Cures Auxiliars d’Infermeria), \u00e9s fonamental que coneguis totes les regions que ho componen, aix\u00ed com la musculatura i la resta dels teixits que el componen. I sobretot aix\u00f2 et parlarem al llarg d’aquest text. Com es […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":14465,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[88,91],"tags":[89],"class_list":["post-14461","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-auxiliar-infermeria","category-auxiliar-quirofan","tag-auxiliar-infermeria"],"yoast_head":"\nL'anatomia del coll | EOC formaci\u00f3 professional sanit\u00e0ria<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"L'anatomia del coll est\u00e0 composta per algunes de les estructures m\u00e9s sorprenents del cos hum\u00e0. 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