{"id":15198,"date":"2025-09-22T09:46:05","date_gmt":"2025-09-22T07:46:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/eoc.cat\/?p=15198"},"modified":"2025-09-22T09:46:05","modified_gmt":"2025-09-22T07:46:05","slug":"manteniment-mecanic-preventiu-del-vehicle","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/eoc.cat\/ca\/manteniment-mecanic-preventiu-del-vehicle\/","title":{"rendered":"Manteniment mec\u00e0nic preventiu del vehicle. Conceptes b\u00e0sics"},"content":{"rendered":"

El manteniment mec\u00e0nic preventiu del vehicle d’emerg\u00e8ncies sanit\u00e0ries<\/strong> \u00e9s una de les tasques de les quals ha d’encarregar-se el t\u00e8cnic d’emerg\u00e8ncies sanit\u00e0ries. Per aix\u00f2, en aquest article volem fer un rep\u00e0s als conceptes b\u00e0sics que has de con\u00e8ixer, com per exemple els sistemes que han de revisar-se, quelcom que has de realitzar abans d’iniciar cada servei i la freq\u00fc\u00e8ncia amb la qual has de fer-ho.<\/p>\n

Aquest tema forma part del Cicle Formatiu de Grau Mitj\u00e0 de T\u00e8cnic d’Emerg\u00e8ncies Sanit\u00e0ries<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Per qu\u00e8 s’ha de realitzar un manteniment mec\u00e0nic preventiu del vehicle d’emerg\u00e8ncies?<\/h2>\n

Has de tenir en compte que els vehicles de transport sanitari<\/strong> han de trobar-se sempre en perfectes condicions, ja que una avaria durant un servei urgent pot posar encara m\u00e9s en risc la vida del pacient.<\/p>\n

Per\u00f2 aquesta no \u00e9s l’\u00fanica ra\u00f3 per la qual has de realitzar un manteniment preventiu. S’ha demostrat que comporta un estalvi important i que a llarg termini permet incrementar la vida \u00fatil de l’ambul\u00e0ncia<\/strong>. A m\u00e9s, redueix els per\u00edodes d’inactivitat i facilita que aquests succeeixin en per\u00edodes en els quals es trobi fos de servei, per la qual cosa no afecta el funcionament del sistema d’emerg\u00e8ncies.<\/p>\n

Revisi\u00f3 dels sistemes b\u00e0sics<\/h2>\n

Encara que el T\u00e8cnic d’Emerg\u00e8ncies Sanit\u00e0ries (TES) no \u00e9s el responsable directe de la reparaci\u00f3 dels diferents sistemes del vehicle, s\u00ed que ha de ser capa\u00e7 d’identificar alguns dels s\u00edmptomes d’avaria. I, tamb\u00e9, ha de dur a terme algunes comprovacions rutin\u00e0ries i saber amb quina freq\u00fc\u00e8ncia han de fer-se les diferents revisions.<\/p>\n

El sistema de frens<\/h3>\n

Un dels sistemes m\u00e9s sensibles \u00e9s el de frenada. I \u00e9s que d’ell dep\u00e8n la seguretat del vehicle<\/strong>, sobretot quan se circula durant una emerg\u00e8ncia. Alguna cosa que ha de verificar-se peri\u00f2dicament \u00e9s el nivell del l\u00edquid de frens<\/strong> i l’estat de les pastilles i dels discos de fre<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

La majoria d’ambul\u00e0ncies actuals ja compten amb sensors que avisen de possibles incid\u00e8ncies, per\u00f2 \u00e9s recomanable realitzar tamb\u00e9 una inspecci\u00f3 visual.<\/p>\n

Durant la marxa, s\u00edmptomes com petites vibracions o sorolls estranys en frenar, poden ser indicatiu que alguna cosa no funciona b\u00e9 en el sistema de frenada.<\/p>\n

La direcci\u00f3 i la suspensi\u00f3<\/h3>\n

Per a comprovar en profunditat el bon estat de les peces de direcci\u00f3 i frenada no queda un altre remei que passar pel taller mec\u00e0nic per a realitzar el manteniment d’ambul\u00e0ncies. No obstant aix\u00f2, aquests sistemes produeixen s\u00edmptomes molt evidents que permeten recon\u00e8ixer una avaria<\/strong> abans que aquesta vagi a m\u00e9s. En el cas de la suspensi\u00f3<\/strong>, s\u00f3n molt recognoscibles els problemes quan es produeix una p\u00e8rdua d’estabilitat en corba o quan hi ha un pot excessiu en superar un sot o un gual. Un altre aspecte que ha de vigilar-se \u00e9s el soroll, ja que un amortiment<\/strong> en bon estat no ha de sonar en superar un sot.<\/p>\n

Un altre punt en el manteniment mec\u00e0nic preventiu de vehicles d’emerg\u00e8ncies sanit\u00e0ries \u00e9s la direcci\u00f3. Si \u00e9s el cas, si es produeix una desviaci\u00f3 en circular en l\u00ednia recta ha de revisar-se l’alineaci\u00f3 dels pneum\u00e0tics o el seu desgast<\/strong>. Finalment, abans de cada servei, cal comprovar la pressi\u00f3 dels pneum\u00e0tics<\/strong>, i revisar si tenen algun tall o fissura. Tingues en compte que l’aire interior del pneum\u00e0tic canvia molt la seva pressi\u00f3 en funci\u00f3 de la temperatura exterior. De manera que la difer\u00e8ncia per cada 10 graus de temperatura ambient oscil\u00b7la entre 0,07 i 0,14 bars.<\/p>\n

\"manteniment<\/p>\n

Transmissi\u00f3<\/h3>\n

L’embragatge i la caixa del canvi s\u00f3n les parts fonamentals de la transmissi\u00f3 del vehicle<\/strong>. I produeixen s\u00edmptomes que pots recon\u00e8ixer de manera primerenca, com la duresa en canviar de marxa o els grinyols durant el proc\u00e9s.<\/p>\n

Sistema de lubricaci\u00f3<\/h3>\n

La lubricaci\u00f3 \u00e9s fonamental per a evitar el desgast prematur del motor. Per al seu correcte funcionament, cal tenir en compte els temps recomanats pel fabricant del vehicle per a substituir l’oli i el seu filtre. A m\u00e9s, de manera peri\u00f2dica cal revisar que el nivell es trobi entre el m\u00ednim i el m\u00e0xim recomanat.<\/p>\n

Bateries<\/h3>\n

La bateria de l’ambul\u00e0ncia o vehicle d’emerg\u00e8ncies ha de trobar-se en bon estat, ja que d’elles dep\u00e8n el correcte funcionament dels sistemes assistencials. Ens referim a l’aire condicionat i la calefacci\u00f3, essencials per a garantir el confort del pacient durant el trasllat.<\/p>\n

Comprovacions rutin\u00e0ries abans del servei<\/h2>\n

Abans d’iniciar cada gu\u00e0rdia, \u00e9s necessari fer una comprovaci\u00f3 o \u201cchecklist\u201d en el qual es revisi:<\/p>\n

    \n
  • Tons de sirena<\/strong>. Per a advertir a altres conductors durant una emerg\u00e8ncia i facilitar el pas del vehicle sanitari en situacions cr\u00edtiques.<\/li>\n
  • Estat dels pneum\u00e0tics<\/strong>. Per a valorar la seva pressi\u00f3 i desgast.<\/li>\n
  • Revisi\u00f3 de nivells<\/strong>. Aqu\u00ed cal vigilar oli, l\u00edquid de frens, refrigerant i eixugaparabrises.<\/li>\n
  • Verificaci\u00f3 de sistemes auxiliars<\/strong>. Llums, cl\u00e0xon, intermitents i fre de m\u00e0.<\/li>\n
  • Funcionament del sistema de comunicacions<\/strong>. R\u00e0dio, GPS, etc.<\/li>\n
  • Revisi\u00f3 de panys, portes, rampes, ancoratges del pacient.<\/li>\n
  • Arrencada correcta i abs\u00e8ncia de testimonis d’error <\/strong>en el panell. Si hi ha qualsevol anomalia ha de buscar-se un altre vehicle per a realitzar el servei.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    Aquestes accions preventives permeten detectar problemes abans que es converteixin en emerg\u00e8ncies mec\u00e0niques i garanteixen l’operativitat del vehicle en situacions cr\u00edtiques.<\/p>\n

    El manteniment mec\u00e0nic preventiu del vehicle d’emerg\u00e8ncies sanit\u00e0ries \u00e9s crucial. Quan es condueix una ambul\u00e0ncia, res pot fallar. El t\u00e8cnic d’emerg\u00e8ncies sanit\u00e0ries ha de con\u00e8ixer aquests conceptes b\u00e0sics i ha de participar de manera activa en la revisi\u00f3 i comprovaci\u00f3 dels sistemes que hem descrit. Un vehicle fiable \u00e9s la millor garantia per a arribar a temps a totes les emerg\u00e8ncies.<\/p>\n

    Si el vehicle presenta alguna incid\u00e8ncia que impedeixi la seva sortida, s’ha d’informar immediatament el supervisor<\/strong>. Aquest avaluar\u00e0 la situaci\u00f3 i, si escau, autoritzar\u00e0 el canvi d’ambul\u00e0ncia. El vehicle avariat ser\u00e0 traslladat al taller mec\u00e0nic per a la seva reparaci\u00f3 i posteriorment ser\u00e0 retornat en condicions \u00f2ptimes.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    El manteniment mec\u00e0nic preventiu del vehicle d’emerg\u00e8ncies sanit\u00e0ries \u00e9s una de les tasques de les quals ha d’encarregar-se el t\u00e8cnic d’emerg\u00e8ncies sanit\u00e0ries. Per aix\u00f2, en aquest article volem fer un rep\u00e0s als conceptes b\u00e0sics que has de con\u00e8ixer, com per exemple els sistemes que han de revisar-se, quelcom que has de realitzar abans d’iniciar cada […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":15203,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[101],"tags":[102],"class_list":["post-15198","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tecnic-emergencies-sanitaries","tag-emergencies-sanitaries"],"yoast_head":"\nManteniment mec\u00e0nic preventiu del vehicle | Emerg\u00e8ncies<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"El manteniment mec\u00e0nic preventiu del vehicle d'emerg\u00e8ncies sanit\u00e0ries \u00e9s una de les tasques de les quals ha d'encarregar-se un TES.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/eoc.cat\/ca\/manteniment-mecanic-preventiu-del-vehicle\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ca_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Manteniment mec\u00e0nic preventiu del vehicle | Emerg\u00e8ncies\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"El manteniment mec\u00e0nic preventiu del vehicle d'emerg\u00e8ncies sanit\u00e0ries \u00e9s una de les tasques de les quals ha d'encarregar-se un TES.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/eoc.cat\/ca\/manteniment-mecanic-preventiu-del-vehicle\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Escola d'Oficis Catalunya\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/EscoladOficisCatalunya\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-09-22T07:46:05+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/eoc.cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/m-mecanico.webp\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1080\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"720\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/webp\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"EOC\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:title\" content=\"Manteniment mec\u00e0nic preventiu del vehicle | Emerg\u00e8ncies\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:description\" content=\"El manteniment mec\u00e0nic preventiu del vehicle d'emerg\u00e8ncies sanit\u00e0ries \u00e9s una de les tasques de les quals ha d'encarregar-se un TES.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:image\" content=\"https:\/\/eoc.cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/m-mecanico.webp\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@escoficat\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@escoficat\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/eoc.cat\/ca\/manteniment-mecanic-preventiu-del-vehicle\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/eoc.cat\/ca\/manteniment-mecanic-preventiu-del-vehicle\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"EOC\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/eoc.cat\/#\/schema\/person\/702649fa6e82a790042399ed7f67f79f\"},\"headline\":\"Manteniment mec\u00e0nic preventiu del vehicle. 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